"Result = Crime"
The problem started centuries ago with slavery. Continued with brutal violence and lynchings against blacks along with Jim Crow legislation which locked blacks into inferior schools, low-paying jobs, substandard segregated housing, fewer services and strong influx of drugs and guns from outside their community.
Latest 1970 government policy of mass incarceration started in which arrests of black men at 20-50x higher rate in comparison to white men for the same exact crime in some states. 1,000% increase of incarceration in 30 years even though crime was trending down.
1960s Civil Rights legislation made it illegal to discriminate against race. Not permissible to use race, but permissible to use "criminal label" to discriminate. Now millions of black men cannot vote, discriminated in housing, employment, education, public benefits, credit, student financial aid and exclusion from jury duty because they are labeled "criminal". New Jim Crow! New discrimination locks black men into poverty similar to old Jim Crow. Majority of arrests and incarceration are nonviolent - 95%.
Government shifted billions from education, public housing, social programs, drug treatment to new prisons even though crime was trending downward!
"Black and Latino students are consistently punished more severely than white students for the same infractions."
"Students with disabilities, who represent only 12 percent of the public school population, account for almost 60 percent of students who are placed in seclusion."
Zero-tolerance policies began initially as a response to major infractions, such as possession of a weapon on school grounds or assault against a student or school employee. However, over the years, zero-tolerance policies have expanded to include less severe infractions, and as a result, the number of mandatory suspensions and expulsions has skyrocketed.
Children who are suspended or expelled are much more likely to fall behind on schoolwork, be suspended again, be required to repeat a grade, or drop out of school altogether. Furthermore, students who are not in school may also use their abundance of “downtime” to engage in further negative behaviors and acts of delinquency, such as drug or alcohol use. Additional criticism of zero-tolerance policies is that they don’t teach corrective behaviors – students are simply punished swiftly and sent off school grounds to fend for themselves. But perhaps most troubling is the association between school discipline and incidence of incarceration, a link that Attorney General Eric Holder calls a “school-to-prison pipeline.”
https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/students-of-color-disproportionately-disciplined-in-schools
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