MovieChat Forums > Contact (1997) Discussion > The aliens would not have used Pi. It's...

The aliens would not have used Pi. It's a human convention.


The only reason we use Pi = 3.1415926 is because the first person to calculate it did so using the diameter of the circle. It's defined as Circumference/diameter. In other words, it's how many times the diameter of the circle fits into the circumference of the circle. But the earlier humans who discovered this didn't realize that the diameter is not the fundamental measurement of the circle. It's just easier to measure...hence we get stuck with a convention of Pi = 3.14. And since we do all our math with the radius (the truly fundamental measurement of a circle), Pi only represents half the circle in radians. If we used a unit of diametans, then Pi would actually make some sense.

Surely an advanced, intelligent race of aliens would have defined Pi (or "blork" as they would surely call it) as 6.2831...

Ever notice how 2*Pi shows up in all the math equations? Because you have to have 2 of them to get all the way around the circle. Ever notice how 1/4 of the circle is 1/2 Pi? However, if Pi had been defined as 6.2831 (as Euler occasionally used), 1/4 of the circle would be 1/4 Pi. It's a better convention. History is full of these kinds of "mistakes". We just recognize them, and move on.

I find it hard to believe aliens would be using Pi, unless they were intentionally telling us something about half a circle, instead of a full circle.

A lot of people are recognizing the problem now, but there seems to be too much cultural momentum to fix it.

If this topic interests you, please read these articles.

"Pi is Wrong!" - Bob Palais
http://www.math.utah.edu/~palais/pi.pdf
"What really worries me is that the first thing we broadcast to the cosmos to demonstrate our 'intelligence' is 3.14. I am a bit concerned about what the lifeforms who receive it will do after they stop laughing at the creatures who must rarely question orthodoxy."

http://www.tauday.com
Lots of proofs why Pi is not the right circle constant.

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What I'm wondering is why this is even a discussion. All the info you gave is true, and I'm sure you are very intelligent :) But this isn't really a major flaw for the movie because it's exactly that-- a movie. It fascinates me at how many people insist on picking at small details of a movie when that detail has so little to do with the film as a whole. Contact isn't about the way they found the alien signal and information, it goes much deeper into a very theological and ethical aspect.

Thank you for the info about Pi (honestly, no sarcasm here). I had no idea. But may I suggest to not pick so much and step back and forget those pesky little flaws and enjoy movies for the art that they are.

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Obviously, the audience may have actually heard of Pi, and not Tau. As far as a fictional story goes, it's pretty much the only thing they could do.

I guess I'm just making a point about the cultural momentum Pi has gotten for the past 300 years. Kinda makes you wonder what else might be staring us in the face because no one ever bothered to question it. It's nice to think about these kinds of things from an alien's viewpoint.

How would a higher intelligence than humans solve the same problems we've solved since evolving from apes? I think we give ourselves too much credit, intellectually.


Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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Wow! I barely know about this. Thanks for this insight.

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Good post Niel.

My comments:

1. It seems to me that math works using either 3.14 or 6.28. If we ever do meet intelligent aliens, I won't be surprised if they use either one.

2. The drawback of using 6.28 would be that you would need to change the area formula:

A = 0.5*6.28*r^2

Whole numbers are a little tidier than fractions, especially for basic formulas that we use frequently.


3. I really do like that fact that if we used t = tau = 6.28, then ...

1 revolution = 360 degrees = t radians

This is very tidy and would make radian angles a little easier to work with.


4. I like this type of thinking because I've often thought about the ways in which I would change mathematics (and especially certain notation), if I were in charge of the world.

I'm going to read those articles now. (^_^)


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Scarlett Johansson is Miss Peel, Clark Gregg is John Steed, but who the heck are the others?!

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Thanks for your excellent comments. I've memorized many digits of Pi, like any good math nerd, but my mind was blown when I read those articles. The more I try to re-derive geometry from the ground up, it seems more and more likely that one rotation should be the standard unit, not half a rotation. I'd really love to meet some aliens and see what they would use.

Regarding comment 2, the nice thing about this form is you can tell it's derived as an integral, and it tells you a bit more about what's going on. The tauday article explains it better.

I'd be curious to hear your opinions on the articles.


Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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Ha! You got back to me before I got around to posting my reaction to the articles. If you hadn't responded, I probably would have posted again within a half hour.

I really liked those articles and... I'm now on board with tau.

There are a couple of advantages to using pi, but they are far outweighed by the advantages of tau.

If I ever get the job of redoing all of human mathematics, I'll change the circle constant to 6.28...

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Scarlett Johansson is Miss Peel, Clark Gregg is John Steed, but who the heck are the others?!

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Yes! Another convert to the gospel of Tau. My work here is done.


Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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A convert, yes. I think I might even be an advocate.

It does seem a little odd, that there has been so little attention paid to this idea in a couple hundred years of math history. It's a strong illustration of people's tendency to follow the herd and resist change.

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Scarlett Johansson is Miss Peel, Clark Gregg is John Steed, but who the heck are the others?!

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There are a lot of people out there resistant to the idea that Pi is not as awesome as they've been indoctrinated to believe. They don't like to have their minds opened. It can be uncomfortable to question what you believe.

If this interests you, you might like some other stuff I've been studying lately. Check out youarenotsosmart.com. It's all about self-delusion. Lots of great blog posts about how we deceive ourselves. I also love the books by Dan Ariely, like Predictably Irrational. We are all irrational because we're human, but it's only the open-minded that can recognize it and actually do something about it.


Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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"Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing."

Niel, that's a very entertaining sig.

_ _ _

The IMDb Boards end on Feb 20!
Farewell to you nice people out there! You know who you are.

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Great post, but to be fair, it is a film and if they're to explain alien communication they would have to use some method familiar to humans, as it would be literally impossible to write. Unless of course they made up an entirely new line of communication, but then how would the humans in the film make sense of it? These problems would probably arise in real life should an alien life form make contact, but they aren't suitable for a Hollywood flick.

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Yes, it's for a human audience... I addressed this in another response to this post. Thanks for the reply.

Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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I love this thread. As an engineer, it is a great read in a movie I really like. I had never thought much about using tau instead since they pretty much etch the standard equations into your head in school.

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Exactly. We are trained to just trust everything we are taught, as if there is some all-knowing human at the top of the food chain who knows what's best for us.

The great thing about having a brain is we can question the things that have been culturally embedded in us, and we can try to see if there are new and better ways to do things.

Sometimes they're not so easy to find, and sometimes they're just staring us in the face for centuries, like Pi. It really makes you wonder what else we've been taught that may not be true.


Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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Isn't e^(i*Pi) + 1 = 0 the Euler Identity. Its better to use i*Pi rather than i*Tau/2. That's an important result.

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This is actually one of the strongest points in favor of Tau. Using Pi, you have to add 1 on the left side to make it balance to 0. I guess people don't like e^(i*Pi) = -1. The reason this comes out this way is because Pi only takes you halfway around.

Here it is using Tau:

e^(i*Tau) = 1

In other words, when you use Tau, you go all the way around, and it equals unity. I find this form much more elegant and beautiful.

This video is one of my favorites, and it explains this much better:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG7vhMMXagQ

The fact that you rewrote the original Pi version using Tau says a lot about how much Pi has a hold on us culturally. Of course it looks dumb when you just stick 1/2 Tau in place of Pi. That's because Pi obscures the beauty of the equation. But when you re-derive it in terms of Tau, suddenly it makes sense what the equation is trying to tell us.


Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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I think it's just perception. I would rather see an equation that equates to zero (for root-finding purposes, obviously) than one.

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e^(i*Tau) - 1 = 0

Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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[deleted]

Sure it's well defined. That's not the question. The question is whether, if we rebuilt math from the ground up using everything we know now, would we still define Pi the same way. Just because someone defined a convention 300 years, it doesn't mean it's the best one. Pi is half a circle. Tau is a full circle. It simplifies things...and I'd like to think that the aliens who are vastly more intelligent than us, would have chosen... Just my opinion. And that of many others who are willing to challenge dogma.

Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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[deleted]

It's like building your number system off of the idea of 1/2 rather than 1. Sure, after awhile you get used to doing things that way, and people don't question it, but eventually someone's going to notice that you're using 2*(1/2) everywhere rather than just simply using 1. And then there would be two groups of people arguing over which is better...the traditional way that we've been doing forever, or the simpler way...

Sure Pi shows up in a lot of places, but so does 1/2. 2*Pi seems to show up a lot more often...

Mirror inspector is a job I could really see myself doing.

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[deleted]

I think this really comes back to the book, (not the film) by Sagan.
The book is amazing, and in some ways very different to the film.
Sagan, basically said, that the comparison between the alien race and us, was like us compared to a "rock". We just simply couldn't understand "them" because we were far to primitive.

The books ending also eludes to a message "hidden" deep within PI, suggesting that PI may have a "different" meaning to a race that isn't "stuck" in Base10 arithmetic, and that PI described in Base11 reveals a startling clue to the universe. I suggest you give it a read, its really cool.

Regards

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I may be mistaken, but I don't think the book ending identified the number with the hidden message as Pi. It was specified only as some transcendental number, possibly Pi, or possibly another number.

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I never read the book, but in the movie the signal is originally received as a series of pulses that equate to prime numbers (1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, etc). Apparently if you can receive and interpret prime numbers, and then have a blind guy realize there are harmonics in the signal and ultimately divine that there's video signal embedded with engineering schematics for a space machine, you're smart enough to build it.

As an aside, Archimedes was the guy who first figured out the relationship between a circle's diameter and its circumference over 2,000 years ago. Some king asked him to try and figure it out, since he was the smartest math dude in the kingdom. He surmised that there are approximately 3 and 1/7 diameters in every circle's circumference. He used string wrapped around circular objects to roughly establish this. Circumference equals 3 and 1/7 diameters was good enough for bronze age architecture. Nowadays we're just splitting hairs. Maybe aliens sending Pi in the radio-signal to more than two decimal places are just determining how anal retentive we are.

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No, the book certainly identifies a hidden message "within" PI, not "as" PI. Quote here. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_(novel)

"Ellie works on a program to compute the digits of π to record lengths in different bases. Ellie's mother dies before this project delivers its first result. A final letter from her informs Ellie that John Staughton, not Ted Arroway, is Ellie's biological father. When Ellie looks at what the computer has found, she sees a circle rasterized from 0s and 1s that appear after 1020 places in the base 11 representation of π. This gives her a way to convince the world of something greater – that intelligence is built into the universe itself."

Regards

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[deleted]

The message was hidden within pi, but much further in than 1020 decimal places -- that's only a few inches of printed type on a paper page.

I believe Sagan described the message as beginning at the digit number which is a product of 11 prime numbers, which I would guess would be very far into the number -- several miles of paper.

He also said, "You would recognize in any base number that something funny was going on," but only in base eleven would the raster image of the circle appear out of the digits.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ACbSm4Vfw54/UaEnPHoBzmI/AAAAAAAAAss/HyYS1AKP Oa8/s1600/Circle+w+0%27s+&+1%27s.jpg



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4) You ever seen Superman $#$# his pants? Case closed.

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The message was hidden within pi, but much further in than 1020 decimal places -- that's only a few inches of printed type on a paper page.


That should be 10 to the 20th power ("1" followed by 20 zeroes.)

---
You got your mind right, Luke?

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they use a set of prime numbers to make the message unmistakeably intelligent in nature. this guy must of been watching another movie.

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