It is a fundamental teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that Jesus "rose from the dead", that is he was dead and then became alive again, and then later "ascended into Heaven". This means he went up to Heaven under his own steam, physical body and all. So there could not have been a body left behind.
The Church teaches that this event prefigures the "Resurrection of the Body" for all humankind. After the "Second Coming" of Jesus, when he comes back to earth in all his glory, this existence as we know it will come to an end, and ALL human bodies that have died throughout history will be resurrected and reunited with their souls. Yes, really, you'll get your body back! Of course, if you're in Hell it won't be much consolation to you; it'll just be something extra which God can use to torture you with for all eternity. Also, it won't be much consolation if you were born with a terrible deformity, or died at birth, or in the womb as a day old embryo! Or are as ugly as I am.
One further point: the physical body of Mary, the mother of Jesus, also went to Heaven in its full physical entirety. In fact the Church teaches that she never died at all. When her time came she was "assumed into Heaven", that is she was taken up to Heaven by angels alive. The Church celebrates this event by the Feast of the Assumption. So there are two physical human bodies in Heaven at this moment, Jesus and Mary.
So, all this means that if the fully-authenticated body of Jesus was found it would undercut the basic teaching of the Church and throw into doubt the whole Catholic faith.
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