MovieChat Forums > The Parallax View (1974) Discussion > Hidden meaning of montage sequence?

Hidden meaning of montage sequence?


Hi,

I'm pretty sure that the montage sequence is supposed to contain a hidden meaning and be some sort of political comment (not for Frady, but for us as the viewers of the movie). Does anyone have any opinions?

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The montage seems to be a gravitation away from traditional values of family, love, and country. It accomplishes this task by juxtaposing the "trustworthy" images with images that are disturbing or outright horrific, such as Kennedy with Hitler (or was it the Pope and Hitler?--I just saw this movie so my specifics might be fuzzy). Mother becomes a disturbing image when shown after children that have obviously been neglected. Father becomes a predator in the picture of the naked (nakedness symbolizing helplessness) boy. Love becomes cheapened into sex as the images of nudity become more graphic and less pleasant (I recall a black and white picture lineup of burlesque type dancers, the effect being not pleasing but rather disturbing). Overall, traditional values are undermined and shown to actually be their sinister reflections.

Politically, I think this undermining relates to the general expansion of political awareness in the 70's (thanks to the one-two punch of Vietnam and Watergate, although i hear Watergate was just starting when this film was released so I don't know how much influence it would have, but regardless the film certainly fits in with the cultural milieu at the time). Surface values of a trustworthy government and American moral superiority began to be doubted as people began to wonder if their own country was perpetrating the same evils that have always been ascribed to the enemy (nazis, communists, etc).

The image of Thor in the montage relates to the parallax corporations desire to find an "antisocial" person who does not fit in the traditional political/social landscape. Thor is a nordic god, above mere mortals, and calls to mind Nazi visions of Aryan superiority and Nietzche's concept of the "ubersmensch," literally "over man" or superman. The parallax company needs men who disregard traditional values if they are to be able perform the work that they do, men that find tradition contemptible or outdated. In this way they are like the filma vision of the government; not representing the traditional values of American honesty, freedom, and ingenuity, but being above such things and using them only to manipulate the public. The assassin test/montage can be seen as a test for politicians, to see whether they have the antisocial tendencies to do the work they need to.

One last point, I think I remember the lineup of scantily clad burlesque dancers being comparable to a disturbing black and white lineup of faceless police officers (or at least their eyes were covered). Could this be an attempt by the company measure the viewers association of sex with power? It seems that the more a viewer equated sex with power (the opposite of equating sex with the love seen in the beginning of the montage), the more detached they would be from the social values that would inhibit an assassin. Sex is a method of domination as opposed to being an expression of caring and connection in the assassin/politicians mind. This relates deep personal psychology with political behaviour; essentially the desire for political power becomes a primal desire to sexually dominate. This interpretation admittedly might be a stretch, but what do you think? I seem to also remember some Freudian imagery in the montage, relating sex to both the "mother" and the "father", and some sort of sexual tension between child and mother, and competition between child and father?

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Thanks for your reply ryanhofman32 - you must have taken a bit of time to write your post. I found your thoughts very interesting.

I certainly agree with your comment about the montage's general significance: "Overall, traditional values are undermined and shown to actually be their sinister reflections." As such, I believe you are right in what you say about the whole film and the montage being an expression of the collective distrust felt about US institutions in the wake of certain events in the 60s and early 70s. I know other films released in '74, such as The Conversation and Chinatown have the same sort of feel and themes. This period of US cinema fascinates me for this reason. (By the way, I'm sure the initial assination scene was intended to resemble the the real murder of Bobby Kennedy - anyone agree??? I wonder what the early '70s would have been like if he had won the Democratic nomination, and then the Presidency.)

Before reading your post I hadn't thought very deeply about the image of Thor, but again, now having done so, I would agree with your interpretation about why this image was included. I think that this was an astute observation that you made - thanks for shedding light on it.

I would have to watch the montage sequence again, and in some detail, before I could comment any further about the Freudian imagery, the burlesque dancers and the police officers, but your linking of sex and power, in the mind of a potential 'Parallax' assassin, does make sense. As well as these, I remember there being other striking images, some relating to relegion I seem to recall.

I'll see if get chance to watch this sequence again over the next few days. If I come up with anything worth questioning or mentioning, I'll come back to the post. Thanks again for your reply.












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If you recall, Beatty is supposed to keep his hands on sensors by his chair as he's watching the montage.

My take is that's part of the testing process, seeing whether his reactions (increased blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, etc.) make him fit the killer profile Parallax is looking for.

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Yes, I agree dcavalli. This must be the reason why Frady is asked to watch the film (in addition to the paper based test he had already completed). Plus, perhaps the montage film is also intended to 'condition' Frady and make him ready to kill.

However, the montage sequence is also clearly a 'flim within a film' as far as we, the viewers, are concerned - especially considering that we get to watch the whole montage sequence as though we were in Frady's place, rather than have shots of Frady watching the film with his reactions, etc.

As I posted before,I agree with Ryanhoffman's comments.

The Parallax View - in my opinion, is a very sophisticated film and can be watched on more than one level. In fact, I'm very glad it can be watched on many levels, because just taking it on face value, as a simple thriller, it unfortunately has a few flaws.

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I thought the montage sequence was way too long, but interesting.

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Thanks for this. I wondered about the montage and it was given such a prominent part - we the audience watch it with Beatty's character - that I knew it was highly significant. I imagine that it was a political statement by the film maker about the way he/they saw society moving, especially government.

On the matter of sex being equated with power: Your statements suggest to me rape. The would-be assassins are being mind-raped by subliminal messaging and then they in turn go onto rape by taking life because they have the power.

Ever tried, ever failed?
No matter.
Try again, fail again.
Fail better.

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I think they (The Parallax Corp) caught him during that montage, him not showing elation but disgust in the pictures showed, as we did. Which lead to his eventual end.

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[deleted]

Ah, meant that he showed it off-screen, during the sequence. Just my reading of what happened... :)

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I'd like to agree with jhml, but I simply can't because arguing with off-screen material (that is not even referred to in the movie) is pure speculation. Still there is this gaping plot hole of how Parallax got to Frady. (One OT-sideline on this: I find it easy to accept the hole. There is a reason, or maybe a symptom, for paranoia: enemies know everything and appear everywhere. Works efficiently in the movie and surely is creepy enough for me)
But back to the montage:
Thanks and complete agreement with the interpretations of the montage. I also thought about Freud after having seen the Mother-Father-Me-Love sequence. I'd like to add some more thoughts:
- about the juxtaposing: the enemy section is very widespread. It not only refers Hitler and the pope, but also to Mao and the KKK. All of them are used against the American ideas of value in the quick crosscuts done later in the montage (culminating in a Lincoln-Hitler combination). Therefore I think that the montage is not a politcal instrument for one particular wing of power (neither left nor right) but the over-heightening of the assassin-to-be into a godlike position of superior. The Reason:
- The second half of the montage introduces weapons (shots of shots, so to speak. Single bullets, gunfire and I think one or two other similar images) Though these are not signified as Relief, they are connected to the solution of the pictures seen as most of them contain death or the possibility to change the course by brute force. All it takes is the person behind the gun... In comes Thor. The montage uses the quick shifting of values by reconnecting ideas (simple e.g, from Mother-good to Mother-bad). Only one picture has a stable connection. Thor (who is frequency of appearing rapidly increases towards the end) is always connected to Me, often directly after the word 'Me' on screen. The rise in frequency matches to the appearances of the bullets. The final two images connect guns and Thor, the selfdeclared Superhero-Me (or maybe brainwashed Me ?!?) and violence. To be honest: this is frighteningly effective but should not produce a controllable assassin but an amok-running vigilante. How can Parallax control such a character?
In Addition:
Another post tried to clear up the ending of the movie by having Beatty as the killer. This might be possible by him becoming an unreliable narrator after the brainwashing. Here comes the question: Brainwashing cannot be done in ten minutes and not in 'one show'. Still the montage sequence is seperated or even excluded from the rest of the movie by the on-screen perspective. It is radically unmediated as the audience has the same perspective on the montage as Beatty has (the only sequence that uses him as a point of view). And yes, it most definitely refers to brainwashing. But what do you think about this excluded position of the montage in the movie and second, do you perceive this as a test (like Pacula wanting the audience to test itself, or even feel a bit of the impact) or as a 'simple' (at least for the plot) brainwashing device?

Cheers
dropstring

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I know this thread is over four years old. In my post, I wrote that the montage is part of the testing process, since he's asked to keep his hands on the sensors to see how he reacts physiologically to the images. Obviously, a violent personality will react differently to the images than a normal one.

Though not 100 percent reliable, that's how a lie detector works, measuring physiological changes in the body that take place when someone tells a lie.

An additional point I wish to make is that Parallax knew that the written test could be manipulated. So the montage test is the next level in the screening process. It's very difficult to manipulate your physiological reactions. For the written test, Frady took it to his friend (an uncredited Anthony Zerbe) who I believe works at a psychiatric institute and has the killer take it. Since Frady no idea that the montage test was coming, he obviously couldn't ask the Zerbe character for help.

Yes, Frady could have quickly guessed it was part of the testing process, but, again, it would be difficult, even impossible for him to know what specific reactions Parallax was looking for and to feign them.



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There is nothing that can be learned from a human subject's reactions to a film as measured by a hand on a box... get real. At the most you might get a pulse rate, but does one's pulse change in a manner that can be correlated to a rapid fire montage, and if so, what would be learned? This is not a science fiction film, and the Parallax corporation is not shown to have futuristic powers.

The film maker's purpose of the test sequence (at that point in the film) is to show the audience that "they" possess sophisticated means of manipulating minds - which they do - but not in some brainwashing, or personality test/ sophisticated selection of types manner.

The film posits a victory of corporate thought and action over that of the determined individual. Not only is Beatty's character thwarted (the average intelligent well-meaning semi-antiauthoritarian person) his editor is too, and thereby the press, more or less symbolically is nullified. Also, three Senators are killed or almost killed, the one on the plane presumably lives - all for being "too independent" it would seem. But a determined individual comes in many forms - a lone gunman, for example is a determined individual, as is a dogged reporter and a successful populist senator. All are dangerous to a corporation and must be manipulated by arranging their order of appearance and juxtaposition to a passive viewer who believes in the power of the images he is allowed to see, and the potential meaning of his own reaction, when in fact his own reaction is meaningless until he is told what he has just seen by an authority figure.

Beatty's character "passes" the test but the test is not about some silly montage - the test is whether he can be lured into following an agent into a confined space like a plane or convention center catwalk. He passes the test of being an easily manipulated patsy. At the end of the film, he has a good hiding place and the local authorities are arriving on the scene, but his handlers leave him an open door that looks inviting, and his rugged individualism and sense of superiority to the system lures him to run towards it, foolishly. Once again he proves he is easily duped.

What's missing from the montage sequence is the corporation itself. Images of individuals who love, fear, fight, struggle and lead nations are shown, and THOR is thrown in as some sort of solution but the only hammer-wielding superpower in the film is the Warren Commission style body that declares that lone gunmen are the only ones killing leaders of our day.

As significant as any symbol or single image in the film is the SECURITY badge that the sinister men wear. This is of course their politics - they produce the phony badges themselves, and appoint themselves the guardians of our collective security from people like the three independent senators and the free press.

We all sit in that chair and see powerful, corporate sponsored and controlled images - television and film- but then we wait to be told what we have just seen, or jump to the simplest conclusions and react according to how we are led. We are all patsies, and we all passed the test.

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[deleted]

[deleted]

I am wondering if the montage was a red herring, and was just a way of obtaining his fingerprints. Although there might have been other ways to do that.

"Chicken soup - with a *beep* straw."

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Criterion just released this movie on blu-ray, and it includes great interviews with the director and his assistant. They go very in depth on the sequence you're talking about it. Good stuff.

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