Prince Philip's connection to Greece is based on the fact that his grandfather, a Danish prince was of the House of Glucksburg, was invited to take the throne of Greece, so he really doesn't have 'Greek heritage' per se. That family must have had something going for it, for around the same time, another prince of Denmark was invited to become King of Norway (King Haakon VII, grandfather of the present king).
Philip's grandfather, the one who became King of Greece, was the brother of Queen Alexandra of great Britain (wife of Edward VII). That's means Alexandra was the Queen's Great-grandmother. By my reckoning that makes Philip and the Queen second cousins once removed (?!?!?)
Philip's his real surname is the same as that of the Danish and Norwegian monarchs - as mentioned in one of the episodes it is Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg (House of Glucksburg). Quite a mouthful and decidedly teutonic sounding.
Not sure when he adopted the name Mountbatten - presumably when he came to Britain for his education in the 1930s? The name 'Mountbatten' is in fact a 20th century invention. It was originally Battenberg, but the part of the family that were based in UK changed the name to 'Mountbatten' during WWI , because of strong anti-German opinion at the time.
As to Philip's perceived 'unsuitability'. I think by this time his side of the family had been deposed from the throne of Greece and were exiles. There's some story of Philip's mother giving birth to him on the kitchen table on some Mediterranean island. So he came from a riyal family that had no throne - or home for that matter. And his grandfather had in any case been a second son (ie minor royal). The fact that all his sisters seem to have married Nazis didn't help his cause in post war Britain. His father had been a famous philanderer, and his mother at various times had mental health problems, and latterly became a nun. Talk about a dysfunctional family. Philip is in fact a triumph of survival against the odds!
As to the difference between 'royals' and 'commoners' - while in common parlance you might not think of somebody with an aristocratic title as 'common', this is exactly how the Royal family think. In other words, to the royals, titled people are still 'commoners' unless they have a 'royal' title. This is why the Duke of Windsor was so incensed that his wife did not get the title of 'Royal Highness' - she was just a plain old ordinary 'common' duchess.
But times have changed. The Crown Princess of Norway was an unmarried mother when Crown Prince Haakon married her - a fact that didn't cause much of a stir at the time.
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