So...what causes heart disease and calcification?

The documentary didn't really cover the precise causes of heart disease. It mentions the calcification aspects of what happens in the arteries, but it doesn't precisely mention what the root causes of this are.

Over the years I've heard people say such things as:

-Too much fat causes heart disease
-Too much cholesterol causes heart disease
-Too much sugar in our diets causes heart disease
-Too many carbs and gluten causes heart disease

Does anyone really know exactly what the main cause for heart disease is (excluding genetic factors)?