My thoughts (possible spoilers)
The incidental music of the film give it a 60's vibe, which sets the tone for a universality to Tarek's experiences. Of course they are anything but ... and yet in such a situation, is what happens to Tarek unusual?
Tarek is a mathematical prodigy who suffers with literacy and reading. He's living in a refugee camp in Jordan and blind to the fate this means for him and his mum until an older woman tells him that she's lived at the camp 20 years. This blows his mind.
He's missing his dad and looks out for him each time a truck arrives with more refugees. He feels the need to flee the camp and try and return home to look for his dad. To have his own bathroom and toilet. To be taught by a nice female teacher instead of the ugly male teacher at the Palestinian camp.
En route home he meets Layth, played by Saleh Bakri , who is a fedayeen - a freedom fighter. Tarek ends up joining the fedayeen because he wants to go home. His life at the camp is funny and educative.
Tarek's mother comes looking for him. She ends up with the fedayeens and appears to join them too. In the end she is doing it for her son though she misses her husband very much.
The film ends with a heart-in-mouth moment that is not resolved. Tarek runs to the border between Israel and Jordan that is patrolled and across which he needs to cross to return home. His mother runs after him, takes his hand and they run together. There the film ends. What becomes of them is left to viewer to decide.
Tarek misses his father. He misses his house with its bathroom that contrasts with the communal toilet at the refugee camp. He joins the fedayeens unwittingly but embraces them as they give him his culture as a Palestinian. He no longer adheres to what his mother says and replaces her authority with a father figure - Abu Akram - the camp's leader, who is very funny. There's nothing in Tarek's psychology that suggests he differs from other children on the periphery of adolescence. This matters because we are to resonate with the plight of the Palestinians as they are people just like us but for their need to take up arms in order to return home. In the light if his situation, Tarek is normal and his behaviour reasonable.
I give my respect to those who have earned it; to everyone else, I'm civil.share