Remember just about all the first punks were ex-hippies. So they had fully imbibed the drug culture of the 1970s. That wasn't going to change, since habits developed in one's early teens (anybody heard of pornography and masturbation?) die hard.
What did change was the decreased emphasis on it, and yes, as you quite rightly point out, a rebellion against the norm which back then was very much, "have long hair, do lots of drugs and brag about doing lots of drugs". Punks took drugs but were quiet about it and didn't walk around like hippies saying, "Whohoah ... I'm so ripped man." I will say that there was a rebellion somewhat against being constantly stoned on marijuana, although punks certainly did their share. The emphasis was more on upper type drugs.
And don't forget, taking drugs sort of goes with being in the music business (any genre) because of the crazy hours, need to be "up" for your public all the time, etc. Ask Elvis, for music. Ask Marilyn, etc., for Hollywood.
There were one or two punks who were straight edge from the beginning however. One was Jonathan Richman, who used to say he has never taken a drug, wrote the virulently anti-hippie anthem "I'm Straight". But the example of Jonathan Richman is somewhat anomalous because Jonathan was (and is) simply a contrarian in just about everything (wrote a song about loving his parents for example) But the case of Jonathan is still interesting because he hung around for several years sleeping on the couches of various members of the Velvet Underground and was heavily influenced by them musically (as was three quarters of the punk movement). He must've seen enough drugs to fill the Grand Canyon in those times.
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