I know very little about Mussolini's Italy, but here in Germany, organized crime was alive and well during the Nazi era. If anything, the black market and criminal underground grew because entire ethnic demographics and sexual minorities suddenly found themselves on the wrong the side of the law.
As a result, there was a drastically increased demand for fake identification, and many persecuted people used fences to sell family heirlooms in order to raise money to leave the country.
But there was also an uptick in criminal violence in some areas, such as a series of 157 robberies with two murders in Berlin between 1934 and 1937. This goes to show that harsher punishment doesn't deter criminals. We can still see proof of this today in Middle Eastern nations that punish theft with amputation. If anything, they have more crime than wealthy Western nations.
Aside from that, there is a drastic measures approach and a smart approach to fighting organized crime. Black markets exist because of demand and supply. Fill the demand within a legal and well-regulated framework, and the illegal supply side goes away. This approach works for anything from drugs to prostitution. Poverty and lack of legal employment is another factor. Nothing reduces crime more effectively than economic growth and public wealth.
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