Kurgan-10, you seem to have some knowledge of the topic, but I'm not surprised to see that you, like majority of the non-Muslim world, still see all Muslims in the world as having the same belief. The fact is that just like Christianity or Judaism, there are several sects or schools of thought found within the same religion.
I apologize for giving the impression that I thought that Islam was a monolithic religious system with only one set of beliefs. I am aware, that like Christianity and Judaism, it is divided into a few large branches, and numerous smaller sects and spinoffs (including the larger Sunni and Shia, as well as Wahabism, the Sufis, Siikhism which became its own religion... and the smaller sects known as "the Nation of Islam" and "Nation of Gods and Earths" aka the "Five Percenters").
I was speaking generally of traditional Islam, which, yes, has the Quran as its focal point, and the Hadith as second in authority... and I "essentialized" these authorities and the traditional interpretations of them.
First of all, Jesus is declared to be a prophet just like Prophet Moses, Prophet Abraham and Prophet Muhammad and thousands of more prophets. Muslims foremost believe in the teachings of the Qur'an, which states that on the Day of Judgment, Jesus will reply to God regarding Trinity:
I said nothing to them except that which Thou didst command me-- `Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord' and I was a witness over them as long as I remained among them, but since Thou didst cause me to die, Thou hast been the Watcher over them, and Thou art Witness over all things. (5:118)
Which of course Christians and Jews reject. Neither recognize Muhammad as being a prophet. Heck, he wasn't even Jewish! Besides, not everyone who claims to be a prophet is one, both warned of false prophets centuries before Muhammad came.
So while the vast majority of modern Jews do not recognize the deity of Christ, likewise they do not recognize the prophethood of Muhammad or the divine inspiration of the Quran. Christians see the passage above as a false prophet's attempt to put words into Jesus' mouth.
The above passage anyway is in context, correct me if I'm wrong, of Jesus in the end time, in which case, he HAS died.
But see, Muslims believe that Jesus RIGHT NOW (and since the first century) was whisked away from earth and is living in heaven. So presumably he is either in Star Trek-style stasis, or he's sitting around, eating sleep, and going to the toilet in paradise, waiting for the time of the final judgment when he will return to earth, resume aging, and fight the antichrist, deconvert the Christians, slaughter a bunch of pigs, etc. and finally die at age 40.
Muslims have not explained why God needed to save him from death in the first place and let the world believe he had been crucified for six centuries... but why he'd let him die young in the far flung future, etc.
In the past Muslims have said "Well, God would never let one of his prophets be killed, especially not in a torturous or shameful fashion" yet they don't seem to have a problem with the deaths of thousands of Muslims or even the purported shameful executions of "thousands of unknown prophets" before Jesus.
Plus, which is more important, the physical bodies of the prophets or their message? According to that logic, God would rather Jesus not be physically harmed by people, than for his message to be preached correctly, to save their souls!
More verses:
The Messiah, son of Mary, was only a Messenger; surely Messengers like unto him had indeed passed away before him. And his mother was a truthful woman. They both used to eat food. (5:76)
This is irrelevant. Angels and humans in paradise eat food. And God "consumes sacrifices." Eating food is not a marker of whether one is "merely human" or not.
Muslims believe both were sinless. Yet only Jesus, according to them, is immortal (for now) and only Jesus was born of a virgin. Jesus worked real miracles. Sure some Muslims try to say that the Quran is a miracle, because Muhammad was illiterate and wrote "the greatest book in history." But literary excellence is rather subjective (and more popular books have been written), plus it is more likely that Muhammad was merely expressing humility or lack of confidence in his ability than inability (compare to Moses saying he is "slow of speech" as an excuse why he shouldn't be favored to be God's mouthpiece in the Torah). Plus, learned Muslims will admit that Muhammad himself did not "write" the Quran (the word is "recite, in the name of the God" not "read," meaning he was "inspired" to repeat words put into his mind, not write down what he was hearing). Rather, the "Quran" is a collection of statements and stories repeated and memorized through oral tradition (supplemented with some written notes) which was later edited and compiled into a text (which was standardized under Uthman due to varying accounts).
Jesus cannot be compared to Adam (or Eve) because both of them sinned, and neither worked miracles.
And Muhammad is only a Messenger. Verily, (all) Messengers have passed away before him. If then he die or be slain, will you turn your back on your heels? (3:145)
Above two verses are given in the same manner, and the Islamic belief is that prophets come to this world to guide people, they have no use up in the heavens physically. Only their soul goes there after death.
So Jesus will get a new (adult) body in the future? Or will he be reborn?
Because I wasn't aware that Muslims believed in reincarnation.
Plus, Muslims describe paradise in very physical terms... there will be lots of hardcore, physical sex going on, and lots of eating and drinking, and even excreting of waste products (though as musky perfumed sweat instead of urine and feces, according to Muhammad).
I didn't think "souls" did that stuff. So I think it would be natural for a Muslim to imagine Jesus eating grapes, drinking wine, and being "waited on" by dozens of "dark eyed houris" and lounging under shade trees waiting for the end to come.
Is a soul a disembodied "ghost" type thing that has no substance in Islamic thought?
Now, a lot of Muslims do believe that Jesus is in heaven with his physical body and take the above verses to mean Jesus’ death after his literal second manifestation on earth. This view was influenced by Christianity in the past few centuries and is also clearly rejected within the Qur’an, so we cannot take it as authentic.
What would you estimate the percentages of Muslims who believe one vs. the other are? Is this a sect thing? How do the Muslims scholars fall into those categories?
The bodily resurrection view (the idea that our bodies in paradise will be physical, if immortal and perfected) goes back to the Jews before Jesus. Christianity retained belief in the bodily resurrection, as it appears too that the traditional Muslims did.
Is this a "modernist" movement within Islam? Again, I don't see how these passages about "paradise" are meant to be understood if Muslims believe the afterlife will be one of disembodied shades (which incidentally, is an idea mostly from Greek philosophy, or I suppose some Egyptian strains of thought).
I hope this presented a new approach to this discussion for everyone. I’ve tried to keep this post short; however, I’ll be open to any questions regarding this view.
Here's a useful website for those interested in learning more about the research done to find the actual tomb: http://www.tombofjesus.com
That site is pseudo-scholarly garbage, sorry.
http://www.historyversusthedavincicode.com/ History vs. the Da Vinci Code
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