There was also the industrialization of warfare. The America Civil War had been a preview, but the world in general hadn't realized how the Industrial Age changed warfare.
Most still thought of it romanticized as it was in the early XIX century, in the Napoleonic Wars, with individual feats of heroism counting for something. In many ways, war on land had changed little since the introduction of gunpowder and single shot weapons (it having become more of a question of crowd control than of actual military tactics and technology).
Besides the American Civil War, repeating action weapons and machine guns hadn't been used in any major military conflicts, not to mention mass produced artillery shells, and eventually, chemical warfare, tanks, and aircraft. No manner of sacrifice or feat of heroism could win the day, no amount of blood could breach enemy trenches against these new weapons.
At the beginning, there was the widespread belief (on both sides) that a single defining engagement would be enough to end the war, either at land or at sea (with the maritime arms race to gain dominance of the seas, and through it, of the colonial holdings). Social pressures were enormous to answer the call of your country in its hour of need, not to mention that no one had an inkling on how horrible the war was to be, because each pair of arms was perceived as critical, to be there at that crucial moment when the war would be decided.
The economic system was also rigged to add to the pressure. Land was capital, it was the means of production. Germany pushed for the war because it came late to the colonial distribution of the world. It had a burgeoning population and industry, but no territory to feed it and make it grow. The only way for a young man to make something of himself was for him to go out and take it, quite literately, and there was a sense that the world had run out of land, so you had to hurry up and get out there quickly (otherwise, you'd have wasted your life).
The movie, focusing on Kipling own tragedy, brings this into focus. He, with his idealized stories of far and exotic places, is the archetypal XIX century European citizen, dreaming of a wider world at his command, dashed by the realities of the new war.
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