I know I'm a few years late but I feel like you deserve a serious answer to your question.
Stepping was originated by the historically black fraternities and sororities. It's not limited to historically black college campuses though, since these fraternities and sororities are in universities all over the United States.
Over the years, other minority organizations (such as predominantly Latin Fraternities and Sororities) have adopted stepping as part of their traditions as well.
There are step competitions at the campus level, as well as regional and national competitions.
Now, how close is this to real life? The nine historically black fraternities and sororities in the National Panhellenic Council (NPHC), also referred to as the Divine 9, are usually in constant competition, since they cater to the same specific sector of college students. While stepping is more of a tradition, it's a great way for these organizations to "market" themselves. Aside from competitions, they step during "yard shows" (essentially, step exhibitions) on their respective campuses, and also during "probates," or "coming out shows," where fraternities and sororities show the public who their new members are (the movie alluded to a probate in the scene where the MUs have their initiates come out wearing these wolf masks and the THETAs' initiates had hoodies on, which they took off and we find out for the first time that DJ is a THETA).
I also noticed similarities between the movie's Theta Nu Theta & Mu Gamma Xi, and the real Alpha Phi Alpha & Kappa Alpha Psi, both members of the NPHC. For example, the fictional and real fraternities I just mentioned share the same colors, respectively. (A fraternity's colors are usually pretty distinct and help to stand out from the other organizations.)
Unfortunately, I don't know much about the "underground" dance offs so I can't answer that part of your question.
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