A thought about the ending - *Warning - Spoilers*
A beautifully done movie with an abrupt and somewhat confusing ending.
The movie is apparently set in early post Mao revolution China (circa early to mid 1950s). Individuality is scorned and conformity is the rule.
Qiangqiang has been the rebel and conformist (though still retaining that streak of rebellion and inviduality within him). He "escapes" the oppresive school only to find himself alone. Then he sees the a group of marchers that represent the epitomy of conformity, all dressed alike and marching in step.* And what do they have as their reward for their diligence to the party line... gigantic red flowers! Qiangqiang lays down in defeat.
*Note: I'm not familiar enough with Chinese history to be sure, but I believe these are not military personnel. Their dress is the unisex norm for the era and they could be any of a number of "ordinary" citizens, marching in celebration of an event to celebrate Mao, the revolution or the party itself.
Edit: I just watched Kong Que (Peacock) and there's a scene of military recruits wearing the large red flowers as they leave for training.
Also, it's been a while since I've watched the film, but I recall a scene where some of the children mimic the marchers early on, foreshadowing their future as "good" conformist party members.
As mentioned by one of the commentors. It's difficult for non-native Chinese viewers to fully understand the often subtle references and inferences in Mainland Chinese films. As such, we're left with the question whether Qiangqiang's defiance and quest to be recognized as an individual is an act of heroism or foolishness in the eyes of the writer(s) and director.
Addendum: I just found an insightful interview with director Zhang Yuan www.cinematical.com/2006/02/21/sundance-interview-zhang-yuan/ in which he states: "As for Qiang, he’s indeed a little hero."
Postscript...my thoughts are drawn to Lu Xun's extraordinary work, "A Madman's Diary" in which he uses cannibalism as an allegory for the Pre-Revolution China in which the country was literally and figuratively feasting upon itself. The final line of the story "Save the children" seems an appropriate cry for this film.
Lu Xun's short story is available here:
http://www.shelterbelt.com/RELIT/CHINA/luxundiary.html