MovieChat Forums > The God Who Wasn't There (2005) Discussion > Plenty of atheists think films like this...

Plenty of atheists think films like this are idiotic as well.


Skeptic Magazine just took apart a similar film, in an article that makes it very clear that while it's impossible to prove Jesus existed (the same could be said of many secular historical figures), it's highly probable that he did. And they do not, of course, accept the notion that his physical existence validifies Christian beliefs, or the conflicting testaments of the gospels. All rational people, religious or not, recognize that the existence of a person who inspired the Christ myth, and the actual factuality of the myths in question are two separate questions. L. Ron Hubbard definitely existed. That does not require anyone to believe in Scientology.

They don't put their articles online, but this is the magazine I'm talking about--

http://www.skeptic.com/the_magazine/index.html

The article is called "The Greatest Story Ever Garbled", and was written by Tim Callahan. Volume 15, Number 1.

The article mentions a fact that proponents of the "Jesus never existed as a flesh and blood person" theory keep conveniently forgetting to mention--there are a few mentions of Jesus as a historical person by ancient writers who were neither Christians, nor fans of Christianity, such as Josephus and Tacitus. The failure to find one single ancient writer who said "Jesus is a completely made-up person some con-artists created a religion around to bilk the yokels", when so many writings very critical of early Christianity have survived, makes it impossible to take any conspiracy theory seriously.

Read the facts, and make up your own mind--but not on the basis of whether you think Jesus was a supernatural being or not. There is historical evidence Jesus existed--there is absolutely no evidence whatsoever that he didn't. You can dispute the former, certainly--as you could dispute the existence of Socrates, and many other people whose importance was not fully understood until long after they died. But the absence of any negative evidence is pretty glaring. Because there were a whole lot of people back in the first and second centuries who would have loved to have proven Jesus never existed.

Accepting his existence is not remotely the same thing as believing in any form of Christianity. And disproving his existence wouldn't make Christianity go away--anymore than modern geology has stopped some people from believing the earth is only six thousand years old.

All the crackpot conspiracy nuts are proving is that they're as irrational and bigoted as any religious fundamentalist. That they are, in fact, religious fundamentalists--of a different type.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus

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So what you're saying is it doesn't really matter? That's my personal opinion anyway. He could have been a real *beep* too. I don't see where it really matters.

What I did find interesting in the movie was the school headmaster priest guy who claimed it was "proven historically" that Jesus was resurrected. Now that is pushing it a bit far for my logical boundaries.

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So what you're saying is it doesn't really matter?


It matters, but it's a HISTORICAL question, and it should be approached from that standpoint, by people interested in learning and properly interpreting the available information. We can't ever know for sure, but hey--I believe in Darwin's Theory of Evolution, and that hasn't been proven either. It's just overwhelmingly likely to be correct--but we'll never stop revising it, because our knowledge and understanding of it will never stop changing (otherwise Mr. Dawkins would be guilty of heresy).

Somebody who wants absolute proof of anything really better stick to pure mathematics, and avoid reading Descartes or Hume.

That's my personal opinion anyway. He could have been a real *beep* too. I don't see where it really matters.


Well, I confess that would matter to me. I think it's a dead certainty that a lot of people who knew him thought he was a real *beep*, but clearly a lot of people loved and revered him very deeply, and couldn't accept his death. Over time, that developed into a variety of religions, none of which the historical Jesus would recognize if he were around today. History is FUN.

What I did find interesting in the movie was the school headmaster priest guy who claimed it was "proven historically" that Jesus was resurrected.


Yeah, but so what? There are still people who think the Blair Witch Project is a documentary.

Now that is pushing it a bit far for my logical boundaries.


It's actually THEOLOGICALLY unsound for him to say that. If the resurrection could be proven, it could also be DISproven. Proof and Faith don't go together. You can only have faith in what can't be proven--if you could prove it, you wouldn't need any faith. You'd just be sucking up to some immensely powerful being. It'd be like praying to Bill Gates. Though probably some people do that as well.

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Having faith only in what cannot be proven is merely an attempt to put an end to the religious debate of whether God exists. What do you think would happen if God made himself known to anyone and without any doubt proved that he existed? How and why would that destroy the faith and turn God into someone like .. Bill Gates (seriously?)? Why does faith have to be blind? Why do you think God wants to test people by not showing himself and/or answering to their prayers? Maybe, just maybe, because he is merely an ancient fabricated myth for what people did not understand? A bronze age remnant dragged to this age, an age in no need of God?

Fanboy : a person who does not think while watching.

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Maybe, maybe, maybe. You're offtopic. The subject is whether a man named Jesus preached an odd form of Judaism, and was crucified by the Roman Authorities, and then gradually came to be seen as God--thus triggering a social movement that gave rise to what we now call Western Civilization.

Believe what you want about what can't be proven or disproven, but the existence of a historical Jesus IS PROVEN--just as much as the existence of many other figures from ancient history whose existence isn't questioned by anyone.

How the hell could any finite mind comprehend an infinite being? If I could see God, I'd know it WASN'T God. If I could explain God's behavior, it wouldn't BE God's behavior. If something showed up and said "I am answering your prayers", how could I know it wasn't some alien playing mindgames? Faith is a choice--but if you need proof, you don't have faith. And if you don't have faith, then God is meaningless. It's not about having some magic genie pop out of a bottle and give you stuff. What's wrong with this world is our fault. But we still have much to be thankful for--and we're hardly the ones to thank.

We are just evolved monkeys. The notion that anything we can't explain doesn't exist is supremely stupid. Just as stupid as religious people pretending they have explained it. The Book of Job gave you your answer, and you're too stupid to understand it.

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Sorry, but I trust Brian Flemming a bit more than you, no offense.

He (Jesus) probably did not exist, and there is no reason to believe he did, because there is insufficient evidence.

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I do not believe in god, the afterlife or anything supernatural for that matter. I agreed with many points Flemming made in the documentary, but he did so in way that degrades other people. It is clear that he didn't reveal his intentions to the people that he interviewed, and that they would look idiotic on his film.

It seemed more like an attack on the Christian community, which I certainly did not care for.

As far as the topic of Jesus, I agree with Clyons. It is very possible that he existed. Maybe not as a supernatural being, but as man that loved everyone, reserved judgment and respected differences. Anyone who challenges the norm, either directly or indirectly, would gather a cult of followers. Unfortunately, history has proven that these type of people usually get assassinated or put to public shame.

The personality of Jesus (whether you or religious or not) is good example for anyone to follow.

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Your film is better.

"I'd take the awe of understanding over the awe of ignorance any day." -Douglas Noel Adams

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" . . there are a few mentions of Jesus as a historical person by ancient writers who were neither Christians, nor fans of Christianity, such as Josephus and Tacitus.

Correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't Tacitus only indirectly reference Jesus via his followers? That's like me referencing the people who thought a few years ago that a UFO was trailing a comet coming to gather them up. Referencing actual followers doesn't mean that the object of their belief is factual.

The Tacitus passages are still held in question as to authenticity.

As for Josephus,his paragraphs about Jesus were edited into his writings by Eusibius, who started the church in the 4th century-- earlier copies don't mention Jesus--and Josepheus was not even an adult until years later than Jesus existed.

Having said all that, I have a hunch that a historical Jesus existed, based on nothing but a hunch. Not a supernatural Jesus, but man from whom the stories grew nonetheless.

I find some similarities between the Arthurian legends and the Jesus legend. Both circulated as oral stories (or songs) for some time before either were ever written down.

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Eusibius, who started the church in the 4th century
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Not exactly. Eusebius wrote a history of the Church, but the Church existed long before Eusebius came along. He was a recorder, not a creator, of the Church, although his writings were extremely influential in Christian teaching.

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Point taken.

I suppose Eusebius is known as the father of church history as opposed to the father of the church itself.

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Yes, I think that is probably a more accurate title :)

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Tacitus clearly indicates that he believes there was an actual Jesus who inspired these (as he sees them) loonies. If there were any rumors afoot that Jesus was a purely fictional being who was ALLEGED to have been executed by the Roman state, you'd expect critics of this rising religion to mention that--nobody ever does. We have some very early Jewish rabbinical writings about Jesus that clearly are part of a tradition going back to the earliest days of Christianity, and they likewise attack Jesus' credibility--not his existence. Nobody questioned the existence of a historical Jesus until the 18th century--and the people who did this always had an agenda, and were never very well qualified.

This thing about 'authenticity'--yes, if somebody is highly motivated to discredit something (like evolution or global warming) they can create a 'controversy' simply by refusing to accept it. There's just no reason to suspect the Tacitus or Josephus passages were fabricated--what most scholars think about Josephus is that a passage he genuinely wrote about Jesus was rewritten slightly to make it a bit more respectful than it originally was. And another passage, mentioning the death of James, brother of Jesus, is not believed to have been tampered with at all.

It's nice you have a 'hunch' that something believed by nearly all qualified academics to be unimpeachably true might actually be true.

There's a LOT more evidence for him than for Arthur (who I believe was inspired by a real person or persons)--we don't have any equivalent of the Pauline epistles or the gospels for Arthur--the problem there is that unlike the Jews, the Celts felt it was blasphemous to write down their sacred stories. That's why most of what we have of Celtic mythology comes from Celtic Christian monks who felt genuine reverence for the stories of their ancestors, and wanted to preserve them--and no longer felt it was wrong to write them down. They would preserve the extant versions of the stories handed down by oral tradition, with Christian interpolations that are easily distinguished from the original material.

But by the time the Arthurian legends were written down, that's all they were--legends, inspired by events that had occurred many centuries earlier, the details of which were forever lost because of the Celtic aversion to writing down their history. Because the story of Jesus was written down so much sooner--within the lifetimes of at least some witnesses to those events, and certainly within the lifetimes of people who knew them and heard their accounts--the story got frozen much sooner in the inevitable myth-making process. Jesus feels like a real person in the gospels, in a way that truly mythological figures do not. You don't have to believe everything said about him to know that he's real, the way Socrates is real, even though Plato is clearly idealizing him and putting words in his mouth. There may well have been a real Arthur, but all we have left of him is myth. There was a real Jesus, and we can be quite sure that we have a record of things he actually said and did--we can also be sure that there is much in there that he did NOT do and say. And the job of a historian is to separate fact from myth--not to blur the lines between the two, as would-be debunkers of a historical Jesus try to do.

Seriously, I don' t mean to be snarky here, but hunches just won't cut it here--you have to do deep serious reading. People have devoted their lives to learning how to read and interpret these ancient texts, and they are the people you should listen to. Leave this "teach the controversy" crap to fundamentalist wackos.

Sadly, some of whom are atheists.

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Leave this "teach the controversy" crap to fundamentalist wackos.

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Well said. It's just Intelligent Design and Creationism in another guise. There are no serious scientists who advocate ID and/or Creationism. As you say, this kind of thinking is the only thing that generates "controversy". There is no controversy in science over the issue of evolution. ID/Creationism are not scientific "alternatives" to evolution. Mythicism is not agreed to by the majority of serious mainstream scholars. A handful of (typically) fundamentalist materialists and unhappy atheists is the only element generating "controversy" over the issue of Jesus' historical existence.

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All it does is encourage people to think they can believe whatever they like. "Hey, I like thinking Bigfoot is out there, even though there is zero evidence in the fossil record of any non-human primates ever having lived in North America."

You have a right to your own opinion. Not your own facts.



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You have a right to your own opinion. Not your own facts.
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A venerable and handy statement :)

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And not very original--but my personal variation is, far as I know--"My mind is open, but the admission isn't free."

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"My mind is open, but the admission isn't free."
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I admire your particular "spin" on this theme - very pithily expressed :)

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[deleted]

It's good that you know you're a troll.

I think deep down inside, you also know you're not terribly well-informed, and you resent anyone who is.

Sorry, didn't see this before. Remind me again how limited your time is.

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Sorry for the late reply but I just wandered this way again and ran across your post. I'm not at liberty to respond at length at the moment but that can come later.

You seem particularly riled by my use of the word "hunch." Ok, well, that's your deal. But when you appeal to authority and say that Jesus existence is "unimpeachably true," I have to ask you to expound on that. A consensus approach among experts has significance, sure, but any consensus approach can change when and if new evidence comes to light.

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"Hunch" makes it sound like some out-of-left-field intuition, when in fact there is and always has been nigh-universal consensus among professional scholars that Jesus existed--and no credible evidence ever uncovered to call that into question.

Let's put it this way--evolution happened, right? There's been overwhelming consensus about that for a long time now. But there's also a hell of a lot of people who question or outright deny it, and they have SOME 'experts' on their side, who do have niggling little questions to ask--things like 'irreducible complexity' and 'how did life begin in the first place', and science doesn't have all the answers to those questions, because natural history can be even harder to unravel than human history. As Loren Eiseley once wrote "It's as if we're standing in the center of a maze and we no longer remember how we got there."

Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins, two of the most vocal and well-known champions of evolution by natural selection, were mortal enemies when both were alive, because they had a lot of major differences about HOW it happened. Most scientists aren't so fond of the spotlight as them, but in fact there are and will be for the foreseeable future, many controversies in this field about what exactly happened, and how, to get us to this point. Evolution is settled fact, but the devil, as always, is in the details. And many will say that if the details are not agreed upon, that means we should 'teach the controversy'--by which they mean pretend there's still any real doubt that evolution is the explanation of the diversity of life on this planet, or that cavemen might have ridden dinosaurs, or whatever.

Anyone who has seriously studied ancient history--not just to try and prove a specific point, but for the sheer fascination of piecing together a coherent picture of the distant past--knows that if we can't be sure Jesus existed, we really couldn't be sure of much of anything--the entire project of studying anything that isn't fully documented by modern standards would have to be abandoned, and people could literally believe anything they wanted to about the past--how does that remotely fit a rationalist agenda? A huge number of people don't believe evolution happened, in spite of overwhelming evidence--not just fossils, but the geologic record, have failed to convince them. So if a group of Jesus-deniers somehow took control of the field of historical study, and declared Jesus was a myth--how would that change anything? All it would do would be to abandon the high ground of fact-based inquiry.

So all the 'mythers' are doing, in fact, is trying to undermine belief in the study of human history, because they'd like to erase Jesus from the historical record--they think that would erase Christianity as well, but in fact they'd be empowering the worst aspects of it--to do their own rewriting of the past--which they are already doing, but they'd have no credible opposition in scholarly circles anymore. Because the historians would simply be a different religious faction. Nobody who wasn't already convinced would ever listen to them.

Again, we have the right to our own opinions, but not our own facts. There is no controversy over the existence of Jesus in historical circles. Because there is overwhelming and persuasive evidence he really did exist, and none that he didn't. To pretend otherwise is 'teaching the controversy', and that a section of militant atheists should be joining fundamentalist theists in this endeavor is ironic, to say the least.

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I have no disagreement with anything you've stated. I was just a bit surprised that your decided opinion was that the question regarding a historical Jesus was a closed cased. From what I've gleaned over the years every purported piece of evidence has it's detractors and both sides make an interesting case. As someone who is not a scholar in the field, I find both sides of the aisle have interesting points and am left open minded to the whole affair. So my glibly remarked "hunch" was a nod to that effect -- I can't entirely dismiss those who insist Jesus never existed but I'm not compelled to accept their conclusions. My impression of those who are adamant that Jesus never existed are akin to those who try too hard to make the comparisons of Jesus to Krishna, Horus and Mithra, in the hopes (I suspect) of being able to claim overt plagiarism and then proceed to flush Jesus down the drain in one fell swoop. I find influences on the Jesus story from earlier sources all but certain, but I think there is an over zealous attempt by skeptics to try too hard in this area. Much the same as you've pointed out with those who insist Jesus never existed.

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I have no disagreement with anything you've stated.


Great. I notice a lot of typing after that, so---

I was just a bit surprised that your decided opinion was that the question regarding a historical Jesus was a closed cased.


It's as closed as it can be in this field. There is no REASONABLE doubt he existed. You could, if you wanted, argue that Alexander the Great was a myth trumped up by the Macedonians to terrify their enemies, and legitimize their empire. Read the story of Alexander sometime--does that sound like something that really happened, or the fever dream of some Hollywood screenwriter? In fact, we have virtually nothing about him from his own lifetime--a few inscriptions--fragments of lost works--the story we have was written down well after he died. So there is, in fact, a lot of disagreement about the details of his life--we can't be sure exactly what he did and said. But no, there's no reason to question his existence.

Hell, there's controversy about historical figures WHILE THEY ARE ALIVE. Where was Obama born? Hawaii, dammit! But a lot of people will never believe it. Can you and I be sure he was born in Hawaii? Were we there? Do we know anybody who was present at his birth? How much of an invincible skeptic do you want to be?

From what I've gleaned over the years every purported piece of evidence has it's detractors and both sides make an interesting case.


THAT much, huh?

As someone who is not a scholar in the field, I find both sides of the aisle have interesting points and am left open minded to the whole affair.


Great! So I assume you're equally open-minded about whether we evolved from lower life forms or were created by God/Aliens/Whatever? No, right? So open-mindedness is a virtue as long as it's not about something you really want to believe in.

Okay, sorry, but this is getting tiresome--if you looked closer, you'd realize that in fact the people questioning Jesus' existence have no valid points to make. The gospels themselves are sufficient evidence, because they make no sense as purely mythic narratives. The analogies made between the Mithras Cult or Egyptian Mythology are based on highly distorted versions of those myths--see, to make Jesus not exist, you have to start falsifying other areas of study as well.

So my glibly remarked "hunch" was a nod to that effect -- I can't entirely dismiss those who insist Jesus never existed but I'm not compelled to accept their conclusions.


But again, would you say the same thing about the people calling evolution by natural selection into question? Why not? Were you there? Do you KNOW for an absolute fact that we evolved from earlier life forms? Do you think science has answered every single question about how it happened? Because it hasn't, and probably never will. But evolution happened, and Jesus existed. The people questioning both may have degrees in some cases, they may have done some serious study, but they entered into their inquiries with their minds made up, and created a controversy where none existed. To give equal weight to both sides when one side is clearly not equal to the other is 'teaching the controversy'. Like it or not.

My impression of those who are adamant that Jesus never existed are akin to those who try too hard to make the comparisons of Jesus to Krishna, Horus and Mithra, in the hopes (I suspect) of being able to claim overt plagiarism and then proceed to flush Jesus down the drain in one fell swoop. I find influences on the Jesus story from earlier sources all but certain


I don't. Because they aren't. Yes, there are parallels, and there are parallels between stories told by cutlers that never had any interaction with each other at all. Because there are only so many BASIC stories to tell. Was the genuine narrative of Jesus' life reshaped? Sure, and every historian who writes about some modern historical figure is reshaping that life to form a narrative, no matter how hard he or she tries to stick to the facts. The people who gradually transformed him into God were not trying to be objective, but they were sincere in their beliefs, and they preserved facts that hardly served their cause--like "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" Like Jesus being baptized by John. These stories don't serve the narrative that Jesus is divine, but they are in there anyway--why? Because they happened, and the people writing down these stories knew they had happened, and they wanted to tell the truth, as best as they could know and understand it, working out of the highly religious mindset they had. It was never their intention to deceive. That doesn't mean everything they wrote down happened. It does mean that it's impossible to rationally posit that they'd just make Jesus up out of whole cloth. If they had known he didn't exist, they would not have been reshaping their beliefs to accommodate their reaction to his life, and what he did in that life.

but I think there is an over zealous attempt by skeptics to try too hard in this area. Much the same as you've pointed out with those who insist Jesus never existed.


It's really the same people.

No serious scholars think the gospel narrative was seriously impacted by earlier pagan myths. No serious scholars think the gospels are a straightforward factual narrative of exactly what Jesus said and did, either. But to argue that the Jews didn't know how to tell their own stories without copying off somebody else's paper is pretty damn bizarre. If anything, they've been more copied FROM. Far more influencing others than being influenced by others. Billions of people belong to faiths that are derived from Jewish scripture.

It's not impossible that the later gospels had some influence from sources other than Judaism, but as of this moment, scholars just can't find much of anything. Christianity as an institution obviously borrowed a lot from paganism in terms of ritual, but that's a different subject entirely.

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Let me first thank you for the time you've taken to offer your thoughts and opinions. Truly. In the interest of not dragging this out further or being "tiresome" I'll let this convo die a natural death.

Just one more thing . . .

No I wouldn't give "teaching the controversy" equal time when it comes to creationism vs evolution for the simple fact that evolution is based on science and the scientific method while creationism is not.

I don't find scholars attempting to dicipher whether Jesus existed or not in the same category at all.

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::sigh:: No, of course it's not--because scholars are NOT 'attempting to decipher whether Jesus existed or not.' Anymore than evolutionary biologists are trying to 'decipher' if evolution happened or not. The 'controversy', in both cases, exists only in the minds of biased dabblers--not serious researchers in those fields.

It's what exactly happened and how that they are both devoting their attentions towards. Their methods are not identical, but they have more in common than you might think. History is not a hard science, but when you get right down to it, neither is evolutionary biology, which is basically THEORY. We can't do experiments in a laboratory to prove evolution happened--nobody can. It's NATURAL history, which means looking at the available evidence (which is always hard to find, and NEVER complete) to piece together a picture of our shared past. Remember how dinosaur skeletons used to look in museums? They don't look like that anymore. Does that mean dinosaurs might not have existed?

The fact that you'd assume anything science says is true, and anything historians say is 'opinion' is indicative of someone who doesn't really have much understanding of either discipline.

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What scientific theory offers is testable hypothesis. We can make testable predictions in order to determine the merit of any theory. As you know a theory may get tweaked, or discarded, based on new information as it becomes available.

The strength of any scientific theory is in it's power of prediction, in that Evolution Theory excels.

Science is not in the business of giving us perfect knowledge, i.e., absolutes, it provides the best possible conclusion based on the best available -- and testable -- evidence. So no, I don't exactly "assume anything science is true," rather I accept the best conclusions from the best evidence that we have available, knowing that in some cases it's unlikely that it will ever be overturned (Evolution Theory -- Modern Syntesis) but technically speaking it's at least possible. Some Wingnuts use this lack of an ultimate claim of knowledge to weasel in their unsupported claims, but without a true theory (in the sense that science uses the term) they don't stand a chance of challenging science in any official or honest way.

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What scientific theory offers is testable hypothesis. We can make testable predictions in order to determine the merit of any theory. As you know a theory may get tweaked, or discarded, based on new information as it becomes available.


I do know that. I also know it doesn't apply to theories about evolution by natural selection. Well it does in the sense that theories get tweaked as new information comes to light--and even when it doesn't, because there is a lot of interpretation going on, and two theorists may draw radically different conclusions from the same evidence. And the same happens in the field of history. But when you see all these radically different minds come to a firm agreement on something--that evolution happened, or that Jesus existed--it gives that conclusion unshakeable credibility. Except to those who simply refuse to accept truths that are painful to them.

The strength of any scientific theory is in it's power of prediction, in that Evolution Theory excels.


Evolutionary theory can't predict how life will evolve in the future. Predictions about how life will be shown to have evolved in the past have been spotty at best in their accuracy--as revealed by the fossil record, which as you must know, has many gaps in it.

Science is not in the business of giving us perfect knowledge, i.e., absolutes, it provides the best possible conclusion based on the best available -- and testable -- evidence.


Which is exactly what the study of human history does. The difference with the hard sciences is that experiments can be performed in controlled situations to test out theories--that does not work with evolutionary theory. That's why the ideas of Richard Dawkins (many of which were borrowed) are now being regarded by many as increasingly outmoded--in a sense, he discovered nothing, but simply put a somewhat different spin on what was already known. Darwin and Wallace did not discover evolution, which was widely agreed upon to have happened (among the cognoscenti) before either man was born--what they did was to posit two working theories that could explain how it happened. The fossil record alone strongly suggested that it had, and the geologic record proved the earth could not be a few thousand years old.

By the same token, it's been widely agreed upon among scholars that the modern religious view of Jesus is not supported by the gospels--but his existence clearly is. Religion built a wall of interpretation and obfuscation around Jesus--trying to explain away things that his followers had faithfully recorded, which contradicted the later view of him as King of Kings, Son of God, Messiah, and an aspect of the Godhead in his own right--none of which he claimed to be. In trying to attack Jesus as God, a subsection of atheists have idiotically and obsessively been moved to try and annul his existence--or alternatively, to claim that he wasn't anybody important, and his story is just an amalgam of borrowed parts--even though they can never support this. They don't care what the facts say--this is what they want to believe.

So no, I don't exactly "assume anything science is true," rather I accept the best conclusions from the best evidence that we have available, knowing that in some cases it's unlikely that it will ever be overturned (Evolution Theory -- Modern Syntesis) but technically speaking it's at least possible.


Good! So why not do exactly the same thing when scholars who have devoted their lives to careful study of historical records tell you that Jesus existed, and the gospels are an embellished but still informative account of his life and teachings--relevant not only to students of Christianity, but also to students of that time period in general? I recently read an excellent overview of the Roman Empire, published a few years back, that cited the gospels as sources. It was a wholly secular work. The New Testament is holy writ to some--but to a historian it's a goldmine of information--as are the many non-canonical works from that period.

Some Wingnuts use this lack of an ultimate claim of knowledge to weasel in their unsupported claims, but without a true theory (in the sense that science uses the term) they don't stand a chance of challenging science in any official or honest way.


And some wingnuts are atheists (or simply people with an obsessive hatred of Christianity, and by extension, its unwitting founder) who freak out at the very concept that anything in any 'holy book' might be true.

And they seek to overturn the basic precepts of honest scholarship to try and persuade people that it's all a pack of lies.

No difference.

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" I also know it doesn't apply to theories about evolution by natural selection.

Huh? What are other "theories" about evolution that don't involve natural selection?

Here's how the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) defines a Theory is “a well-substantiated explanation for some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses.”

According to the NAS a fact is defined “as observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and for all practical purposes is accepted as ‘true.’”

Atomic Theory isn't about guessing whether or not atoms exist. Rather, the theory attempts to explain the how's and why's of what atoms do and how they work. Same with Gravitational Theory. Same with Evolution. Evolution is a fact, how and why it works are what the theory attempts to explain.

Off the top of my head there comes to mind an incident I read about once, it involved European rabbits introduced to Australia. Back in the 19th century after they were introduced they took over and the decision was made to eradicate the intrusive species. Since there were no natural predators for this species the government opted for a mosquito-borne virus, which was introduced into its natural host, a South American rabbit, knowing that it would be deadly for the European variety. The disease created a massive die-off of the undesired Euro rabbit, but . . . something happened. What? As it turns out, what evolution would predict: Even though around 99.9% of the rabbits died, the viruses had been randomly mutating and the mutations produced a less virulent strain. Of course within a subset of the rabbit population there were mutations that occured too (there always are) and some of those rabbits were being selected for greater resistance to the disease. The result was a milder disease and stonger rabbits, ergo more rabbits. They rebounded (pun intended) with a fury.

This is evolution in action, instigated and observed by humans and occuring through natural evolutionary forces, and yet to be explained by any other concept.

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What are other "theories" about evolution that don't involve natural selection?
= = =

I'm no expert in the field, but apparently there are some dissenters who believe in evolution but find Darwinism/natural selection flawed, e.g., this guy:

http://darwiniana.com/

I don't take a specific position other than the simplistic observation that evolution "makes sense" when deep geological and cosmic time combines with mutation.

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Thanks for the link, I'll definitiely check it out.

I'll just mention for the moment that we've come a long way since Darwin.

If someone mentions "Darwinian evolution" in a conversation that's fine, as long as that's what they want to discuss.

The Modern Synthesis is properly where we find ourselves at the moment.

Biogeography, mitochondrial DNA, embryology, the fossil record, phylogeny, etc all testify in support of evolutionary theory.

No wonder it makes "sense!"

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It does make sense but there are those who refuse "Nature's Record" in favor of "God's Record", i.e., a literal interpretation of the two creation accounts in Genesis. Never mind that the two stories are irreconcilable and were written by, and for, a prescientific people, and that science refutes a literalist reading of the texts. No amount of education can help these people, because they refuse to be educated. Such refusal is understandable when it's considered that these people believe that they will lose their salvation if they discard literalism. Therefore literalism is a fear-based psychological necessity for them. Intellectually, they are a lost cause, but that doesn't mean that they cannot be resisted, especially when they inject Creationism into public school curricula.

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But of course, atheists (and we both know there are many) who confuse literal belief in the scriptures with believing that the scriptures contain actual historical information--not to mention profound eternal truth all human beings can relate to--are simply making the same mistake in reverse.

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clyons wrote:

atheists (and we both know there are many) who confuse literal belief in the scriptures with believing that the scriptures contain actual historical information--not to mention profound eternal truth all human beings can relate to--are simply making the same mistake in reverse.

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HayMEN to that!

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Well, I just got a chance to click the link and give one article a glance and it spoke of "overconfidence of Darwinists."

Uh-oh.

Then it went on to tout Intelligent Design (ID).

Double uh-oh. The other shoe dropped.

ID doesn't cut it, it's nothing but Creationism dressed up to look like something new.

When ID proponents produce testable evidence and subject their work to peer review then they'll be taken seriously, right now it's something like a philosophy, but whatever it is it certainly isn't science.

Akin to String Theory that wasn't really considered science by most experts because there was no way to test any of it's ideas. That's changed with the Hadron Collider, now String Theory may get promoted.

Anyway I'll look over the site some more later this evening. Cheers.

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Medinensis wrote:

I'll look over the site some more later this evening. Cheers.

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I think you might like his take on religion and politics, which is mostly why I follow his posts :)

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I'll mention, as I always do, that we've come a long way since Darwin and WALLACE--I think one of the great weaknesses of evolutionary science is overreliance on Darwin--for so many years, the only pictures we saw of Darwin were of him as a very old white-bearded man--when in fact most of his important work was finished when he looked nothing like that.

Don't fall into the fallacy that getting rid of God means getting rid of religion--religion is a habit of mind, and if we don't have God, we'll project it onto something else. We already have, many times, and the results have been--well--frightening.

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Huh? What are other "theories" about evolution that don't involve natural selection?


You've badly misunderstood my point.

You have also, apparently, never heard of sexual selection. Which Darwin and Wallace discussed in some depth, and it remains a factor in modern evolutionary theory as well. My point is that evolutionary biology isn't a hard science, and no, you can NOT replicate it in a laboratory.

Off the top of my head there comes to mind an incident I read about once, it involved European rabbits introduced to Australia. Back in the 19th century after they were introduced they took over and the decision was made to eradicate the intrusive species. Since there were no natural predators for this species the government opted for a mosquito-borne virus, which was introduced into its natural host, a South American rabbit, knowing that it would be deadly for the European variety. The disease created a massive die-off of the undesired Euro rabbit, but . . . something happened. What? As it turns out, what evolution would predict: Even though around 99.9% of the rabbits died, the viruses had been randomly mutating and the mutations produced a less virulent strain. Of course within a subset of the rabbit population there were mutations that occured too (there always are) and some of those rabbits were being selected for greater resistance to the disease. The result was a milder disease and stonger rabbits, ergo more rabbits. They rebounded (pun intended) with a fury.


Okay, several things--

1)You understand I believe in evolution by natural selection, right? I find it odd that you think it's perfectly okay to question anything you want about history without having done much reading at all, but anybody questions any aspect of the current view of evolution (which will change, bank on it), you freak out like I had committed blasphemy. I've done a lot of reading about evolutionary theory, from a number of different eras, and let's be honest--it evolves.

2)If it was so predictable, why didn't anyone predict it at the time? 20/20 hindsight is not, by definition, prophetic.

3)Viruses and bacteria can prove evolution occurs within species, but a strain is not a species. It's a strain. Species take time.

We believe evolution happened--that untold millions of radically different life forms all evolved from single cell organisms--because that's the only explanation we have that doesn't involve resorting to "God did it" (or aliens, in which case we've answered nothing because where did the aliens come from?). But we are still extremely ignorant about how it happened. We still don't know how life came into being to start with. To simply wish these profound questions away is not scientific. Take care you don't turn science into a religion--which is every bit as destructive as turning religion into science.

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Take care you don't turn science into a religion--which is every bit as destructive as turning religion into science.
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Yeah. Dawkins and many other "new" atheists have done this.

Carl Jung said that humankind will always have a deity, and whereas for most God was and is Spirit, for materialists, God is now matter.

Case in point: in almost any pronouncement Neil DeGrasse Tyson makes about the cosmos, world, nature, etc.,

He talks about these (apparently) mindless cycles of force - (which, though they birth us, also kill us) - in exactly the same way, with the same intensity, and the same absolutism that fundamentalists and evangelists talk about ... Jesus.

This Cosmos Piety masquerading as "straight, objective science" always manages to irritate and annoy me ... as well as making me sad. A resurrection of Saganistic materialism is not what the public needs, but apparently Tyson has been given his own shot at Cosmos redux. How dreadful.

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I have no problem with people feeling a sense of wonder in the face of nature's beauty, and the majesty of the cosmos--geez, look at me, I'm Carl Sagan.

But in fact, the real Sagan--hardly a conventionally religious man--had some pretty insightful things to say about the relationship between science and religion--

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan#Personal_life_and_beliefs

It's the extremists on both sides that make it hard for the rest of us to find the proper balance--when has it ever been different? I guess we have to keep on trying, and hope it works out someday.


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I guess it's different strokes. Admittedly, Sagan was nowhere as bad as is Tyson. CS's rejection of God as an ancient white-bearded person is shared in common with most enlightened theists. It's a popular image at best, idolatry of sorts at worst.

Personally I'm a panentheist, so I don't share Sagan's/Spinoza's/Einstein's God-definition.

For pantheists, the world is God or the sum total of physical laws.

For panentheists, the world is in God, i.e., God is both "here" (immanent) and "more than here" (transcendent). Iirc, Augustine described pantheism's world as a kind of "God-soaked" sponge; and described panentheism's world as a sponge submerged in an infinite sea - thus existing "in" God, while God simultaneously surrounds and immerses the world.

In the wiki article you provided, Sagan says that God as Creator could only be invalidated if we found that the universe is eternal (or words to that effect). However, I wonder:

If God is eternal, and has been creating eternally (because, assumptively, that is simply one of the things "He" is always doing), then the universe could be eternally extant, since God would have been creating it forever. So a beginningless Creator could, theoretically, generate a beginningless universe - that is, both Creator and creation could be co-eternal.

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I confess, all I know about Tyson is what he says about the field he's qualified to speak about--I do know he's gone out of his way to say he doesn't like being called an atheist, for which militant atheists have (of course) attacked him as a wimp--

http://www.openculture.com/2013/04/neil_degrasse_tyson_explains_why_he s_uncomfortable_being_labeled_an_atheist.html

So to this extent, I agree with him--when you tell me "I"m a Catholic, I'm a Muslim, I'm an atheist, etc--"--you really haven't told me all that much, because it's what you do with your beliefs that matters, not what you call them.

I don't agree with Sagan's comment that you referenced, but he was thinking specifically of the God of Genesis--not every culture has told a version of that story, though many have. There is a rather ironic tendency of western atheists to think SOLELY in terms of the God of Abraham--ignoring every other culture's stories, because they're really only interested in negating the power of Christianity and Islam, and sometimes Judaism. And they've been doing a great job of that huh?

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... ironic tendency of western atheists to think SOLELY in terms of the God of Abraham--ignoring every other culture's stories, because they're really only interested in negating the power of Christianity and Islam, and sometimes Judaism.

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Good point. There appears to be more to their atheism than mere "reason". Otherwise they'd be attacking all supernaturalist systems equally. I wonder if they were mistreated by Abrahamics, or are acting out a sort of puerile rebellion against "Establishment" religion. Most of them, as you said, show very little awareness of the plethora of non-Abrahamic God-definitions. This gives them the false confidence that if they can refute the idea of a Creator, they have thereby refuted the notion of God. There are many systems in which God is not a Sky Father, a Creator, a Designer, or an intervener, and this type of God is immune from refutations of a Creator. Their insistence that God must be a Creator is a little bit like insisting that the moon must made of green cheese, or it doesn't exist ;)

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I think it's more like, in spite of all protestations to the contrary, they think the God of Abraham is the One True God--whose existence they don't want to believe in, but on some level they DO. The problem is not that they don't believe God exists, but that they are ANGRY at God--for allowing, you know, death, pain, old age, evil, etc. I don't know if there's anybody up there at all sensible of anybody down here--I really don't--but I don't waste time getting MAD at Him/Her/They/It/Whatever.

Ever read Kingsley Amis? "The Anti-Death League". Very British, very atheist, and very much convinced that there is an Old White Man With a Beard up there, who enjoys torturing us for no reason.

And seriously, who could blame Him?

We're very annoying.

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Thanks for the Amis book recommendation - I look into it.

Yes, humans can be very annoying :)

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"Huh? What are other "theories" about evolution that don't involve natural selection?"

Anything that changes the frequency of alleles in a population over time can be considered an evolutionary driving force. Mutation, while often mentioned in tandem with natural selection, is technically a separate mechanism for change in allele frequency. Genetic drift (which Darwin never got into) is one that frequently goes unmentioned. Gene migration and artificial selection are two more.

These aren't "separate theories" of course, but rather all have caused evolution to happen to some extent. NS remains the big daddy of them all, but my guess is most if not all of the others have been observed in controlled laboratory experiments.

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I have no disagreement with anything you've stated.


Great. I notice a lot of typing after that, so---

I was just a bit surprised that your decided opinion was that the question regarding a historical Jesus was a closed cased.


It's as closed as it can be in this field. There is no REASONABLE doubt he existed. You could, if you wanted, argue that Alexander the Great was a myth trumped up by the Macedonians to terrify their enemies, and legitimize their empire. Read the story of Alexander sometime--does that sound like something that really happened, or the fever dream of some Hollywood screenwriter? In fact, we have virtually nothing about him from his own lifetime--a few inscriptions--fragments of lost works--the story we have was written down well after he died. So there is, in fact, a lot of disagreement about the details of his life--we can't be sure exactly what he did and said. But no, there's no reason to question his existence.

Hell, there's controversy about historical figures WHILE THEY ARE ALIVE. Where was Obama born? Hawaii, dammit! But a lot of people will never believe it. Can you and I be sure he was born in Hawaii? Were we there? Do we know anybody who was present at his birth? How much of an invincible skeptic do you want to be?

From what I've gleaned over the years every purported piece of evidence has it's detractors and both sides make an interesting case.


THAT much, huh?

As someone who is not a scholar in the field, I find both sides of the aisle have interesting points and am left open minded to the whole affair.


Great! So I assume you're equally open-minded about whether we evolved from lower life forms or were created by God/Aliens/Whatever? No, right? So open-mindedness is a virtue as long as it's not about something you really want to believe in.

Okay, sorry, but this is getting tiresome--if you looked closer, you'd realize that in fact the people questioning Jesus' existence have no valid points to make. The gospels themselves are sufficient evidence, because they make no sense as purely mythic narratives. The analogies made between the Mithras Cult or Egyptian Mythology are based on highly distorted versions of those myths--see, to make Jesus not exist, you have to start falsifying other areas of study as well.

So my glibly remarked "hunch" was a nod to that effect -- I can't entirely dismiss those who insist Jesus never existed but I'm not compelled to accept their conclusions.


But again, would you say the same thing about the people calling evolution by natural selection into question? Why not? Were you there? Do you KNOW for an absolute fact that we evolved from earlier life forms? Do you think science has answered every single question about how it happened? Because it hasn't, and probably never will. But evolution happened, and Jesus existed. The people questioning both may have degrees in some cases, they may have done some serious study, but they entered into their inquiries with their minds made up, and created a controversy where none existed. To give equal weight to both sides when one side is clearly not equal to the other is 'teaching the controversy'. Like it or not.

My impression of those who are adamant that Jesus never existed are akin to those who try too hard to make the comparisons of Jesus to Krishna, Horus and Mithra, in the hopes (I suspect) of being able to claim overt plagiarism and then proceed to flush Jesus down the drain in one fell swoop. I find influences on the Jesus story from earlier sources all but certain


I don't. Because they aren't. Yes, there are parallels, and there are parallels between stories told by cutlers that never had any interaction with each other at all. Because there are only so many BASIC stories to tell. Was the genuine narrative of Jesus' life reshaped? Sure, and every historian who writes about some modern historical figure is reshaping that life to form a narrative, no matter how hard he or she tries to stick to the facts. The people who gradually transformed him into God were not trying to be objective, but they were sincere in their beliefs, and they preserved facts that hardly served their cause--like "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" Like Jesus being baptized by John. These stories don't serve the narrative that Jesus is divine, but they are in there anyway--why? Because they happened, and the people writing down these stories knew they had happened, and they wanted to tell the truth, as best as they could know and understand it, working out of the highly religious mindset they had. It was never their intention to deceive. That doesn't mean everything they wrote down happened. It does mean that it's impossible to rationally posit that they'd just make Jesus up out of whole cloth. If they had known he didn't exist, they would not have been reshaping their beliefs to accommodate their reaction to his life, and what he did in that life. And even harder to believe they'd lay down their lives as martyrs to the memory of a man they had made up.

How can any rational person look at the epistles of Paul, written perhaps 20 years after Jesus died, where Paul clearly refers to Jesus as a man who walked around on the earth, whose brother he actually met (same brother referenced by Josephus years later), and come to any conclusion other than that Jesus really did live, really was crucified, and really did have some very interesting things to say? It's great we have Josephus, Tacitus, and a few other outside sources, and contrary to what you've read, there's overwhelming consensus that they are legitimate (if perhaps slightly rewritten in one or two cases), but the New Testament texts are evidence Jesus existed, just as much as the writings of Plato and Xenophon are evidence Socrates existed. In neither case, is there any believable case to make that they would create a mentor out of thin air, knowing that contemporaries who never saw this man would call them liars.

but I think there is an over zealous attempt by skeptics to try too hard in this area. Much the same as you've pointed out with those who insist Jesus never existed.


It's really the same people.

No serious scholars think the gospel narrative was seriously impacted by earlier pagan myths. No serious scholars think the gospels are a straightforward factual narrative of exactly what Jesus said and did, either. But to argue that the Jews didn't know how to tell their own stories without copying off somebody else's paper is pretty damn bizarre. If anything, they've been more copied FROM. Far more influencing others than being influenced by others. Billions of people belong to faiths that are derived from Jewish scripture.

It's not impossible that the later gospels had some influence from sources other than Judaism, but as of this moment, scholars just can't find much of anything. Christianity as an institution obviously borrowed a lot from paganism in terms of ritual, but that's a different subject entirely.

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