It's been years since this was posted, but I thought I'd correct a few errors in it.
mercenaries are professional soldiers per definition. thats just for your a).
moreover, the economic fact in that concept "mercenary" makes your point of an abstract term like (national) loyalty useless. one can sure not reduce the theoretical term "mercenary" just to money and has to add (abstract) political loyality. a point our modern world still has its problem with (just to put the modern phenomena here)! so, obeying a king's order, or the field-commander's order, to be precise if you please, has nothing to do with your nationalistic reference, speaking of all spanish/french units. its much more an hirarchic moment, or, the spoken of above profesionalism. means in short/generaly speaking: who will pay me i will follow: pour le roi.
A nation's professional soldiers are most definitely not mercenaries. There's more to being a mercenary than being paid. To be a mercenary, one must voluntarily join a military force solely for personal material gain. If a soldier has loyalty to the nation or kingdom for which he serves, or otherwise associates himself with the cause or goal of the army he has joined, then he is not a mercenary. By saying that you "have to" add political loyalties as a motivating factor, you have completely blurred a line that is very much there.
Mercenaries will often strike or leave the military force they are serving if they are not being paid. Swiss and German mercenaries did this when not paid for even a few weeks in the 16th century. Why? Because they don't care about the cause of the army, they are just serving for the money. In sharp contrast, Spanish tercios sometimes went for
decades without being paid! Yes, they did mutiny sometimes, in their fury for lack of pay, but they did not simply say, "we are not getting paid so we're leaving." And that was in a period when nationalism was not all that strong a feeling. As we get into the 18th-19th century, the differences between mercenaries and professional troops get even more pronounced.
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