Henry was not expected to be king, so he was not trained in the same way as his older brother. Their schooling was similar, but their personalities were different, and Henry's weaknesses were not treated in the same way as his brother's. It was possible the Henry would have entered the Church, becoming a bishop, at least, once his brother was safely on the throne and had had a son to secure the line. In the meantime, he was the spare.
Suddenly, at his brother's death, he becomes the king in waiting. He is told to marry Katherine, his brother's widow, to secure the alliance with Spain against France. Katherine was pretty enough, but she certainly wasn't Henry's type. She was quiet and pious, focused on her duties to God and her husband. Her failure to deliver a healthy son led her to believe that she was failing both God and her husband, a horrible burden for her to bear. The hair shirt shown in the movie was a tiny reference to the lengths she went to in her religious devotion, in her desire to please God and thereby bear a son to her husband.
Anne Boleyn was a complete change from Katherine. Her sister, Mary Boleyn, had already suffered as Henry's mistress, possibly being left pregnant, and also in a marriage of convenience. Anne spent time in the Netherlands and France as a lady in waiting to various queens, gaining a lot of worldly knowledge, developing her wit and intelligence, and gaining a special worldliness and polish not necessarily shared by the other women of the court. She was also quite different from her sister, as Mary was blonde and quite pretty, and Anne was dark, petite, and not pretty. Anne was, however, clever and charming, things Katherine was not. Her father pushed her toward making a good marriage. It is likely that she was not in a great hurry to marry, as she seemed to enjoy court life. Marriage would probably have meant a life in the country, far from court, bearing one child after another until she died of puerperal fever or worn out from bearing children and maintaining a household.
Henry saw her and wanted her. She did not pursue him, probably not wishing to be stuck as her sister was in a marriage of convenience and/or to become pregnant by Henry and then banned forever from court.
Anne told him she would not be his mistress. Henry pursued her for years. He was fixated. At some point, she decided that he wasn't going away and she wanted to be queen. Henry would have used any excuse. The new religion was pushed by many in the court, both by those who believed it and by those who looked on it as an opportunity to separate England from the influence of the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor. Anne did not do this. She could not have done this on her own. Henry would have used anything to end his marriage to Katherine. The timing was perfect. Her father pushed her in the pursuit of Henry. As a woman, she was limited in her choices. Failing to make a good marriage would probably have resulted in her joining a convent, as that would be the only way to secure her future. She could not inherit property. She was entirely dependent on the men in her family. Her father pushed the alliance, as he had apparently pushed Mary's affair with Henry. Her family received land, titles, and property as a result of Anne's involvement with Henry. She was a cash cow. She became a sacrifice.
Catherine Howard was also pushed by her family to become involved with the king. She was certainly not interested in marrying Henry, although she enjoyed the attention and power of being Queen of England.
None of the women in Henry's life truly chose to marry him. Katherine of Aragon was the typical royal wife, married off as an alliance. Anne Boleyn was pushed to continue the alliance by her family; her later behavior possibly resulting from her unhappiness and the stress involved. Jane Seymour was also pushed by her family to become involved with Henry; she bore him his son and died as a result. Anne of Cleves was another royal marriage of alliance; a German alliance was chosen as a result of Henry's breaking from the Catholic Church. Catherine Howard was also pushed into the marriage by her family; she was a pretty party girl. Katherine Parr was twice-widowed, and engaged, or close to engaged, to Thomas Seymour; Henry wanted her, so Thomas backed off.
None of these women left writings that were passed down to us. Everything about them is filtered through those who loved and hated them. Too bad, as their autobiographies would be fascinating reading.
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