Italian Jews, in comparison to those in other countries, suffered less, but most scholars agree that Italy had a relatively low Jewish population when compared to most other European countries. Some Jews left Italy for fear that Mussolini would start doing what Hitler was doing, even though he never enacted a full-scale operation against Jews. Had the Germans occupied Italy in the same way they did France and many other countries, the Jews might not have fared so well. Mussolini was NOT fond of Jews, but he was not constantly preoccupied with them as Hitler was. I have never encountered any evidence dealing specifically with the fates of Italian Jews. It is a frequent topic of scholarship. However, if the Catholic Church did in fact save Jews in Italy, that still doesn't change the fact that it did nothing to save Jews in Germany, Poland, and elsewhere, where it had a lot of influence. It signed the Concordat of 1933 and agreed to stay out of political affairs, as long as Hitler did not tamper with Catholic institutions (such as parochial schools). Bishop Clemens von Galen issued a sermon against Euthanasia, but that was the only real example of resistance from the Catholic Church. The Nazis did attack the Church verbally, villifying (and even arresting) nuns and monks, as well as some lower-level priests, but never touching high ranking officials, such as Galen. And yes, the Catholic Church did participate in the Odessa movement that helped Nazis escape Europe after the war. This was acknowledged by Pope John Paul II, and also condemned by him. He apologized for the Church's complicity in the Holocaust. Another horrible injustice by the Catholic Church involved its refusal to accept the homosexual victims of the Nazi regime, and even encouraging the government not to pay compensation to them, because not only were they still criminals under German law, they were also seen as sinners by the Church.
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