MovieChat Forums > Avalon (2001) Discussion > Summary of Theories (contains spoilers)

Summary of Theories (contains spoilers)


I just watched this movie and read through most of the board posts, and I couldn’t resist summing up what I see as the main theories/interpretations of this flick. I friggin’ loved it.

Parts of this are cribbed from other posts, but there is too much to properly source, so just shout out if you recognize your idea. Also, I am not saying any of these theories are exactly what Oshii intended, and most of them have holes, but they’re still fun! In no particular order:

#1 The movie is a comment on how we try to escape reality. Avalon is actually our present-day world. As the movie starts we enter the fake world of the movie and at the end “Welcome to Avalon” signals we’re back in real life, showing us that even though Class SA seemed very real it was not quite because Murphy still dissolved when shot. The theatre lights go up and the escape into virtual reality ends. So in a way it’s gently mocking our escapism, and how we got so involved in a movie when the movie is about someone getting so involved in a game. Ash spends the movie trying to find virtual paradise, when in fact paradise is here, it’s our world, if we could just start seeing it. This is a neat theory but it skips over most of the film’s complexities.

#2 The movie is a comment specifically on (some) MMORPG players. Avalon is our world, which these gamers need to find after having become lost in the virtual world of the game. They have abandoned the real world in order to feed their addiction, and the game doesn’t really have an end so they could play on forever, but someday they will have to come back to reality/life, just as Ash reaches Avalon at the end of her quest. Ash doesn’t like watching Stunner eat and balks at food herself because after a long time playing MMORPGS, some people begin to abhor bodily needs/functions. The reason the trolley and exiting bar scenes in Ash’s sepia “real” life are so repetitive is because it is an MMORPG itself and that is how routine scenes would happen—always the same.

Continue to my reply for the next two.

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#3 Ash’s sepia world is real. The repetitive scenes and dull colors are to show the monotony of daily life. Class SA is simply an even better form of escapism than the wargame. Hence Murphy still dissolved when shot, and having shot him, Ash will get to be a developer like Bishop but back in the sepia world. She has to choose blunt reality over the escapism of Class SA, a comment that we have to choose to live in the world and not in fantasies because the fantasies may be nice but they are not real. If she stays, another warrior will be sent to kill her the way she killed Murphy. Because the Arthurian legend portrays Avalon as a place of rest from which you ultimately return, the lesson is that while some escapism is okay and even necessary, we must ultimately come back to the real world.

#4: Class SA is in fact the real world. That’s why when Ash enters it she comes out of a VR room. For whatever reason, the game developers want people to stay trapped in the game, so when one (Murphy) gets out, they send elite killer Ash, under a ruse, to assassinate him. Her virtual dog was “disappeared” earlier in order to push her into going along with the mission. Once she’s there, Murphy tries to tell her she belongs in Class SA, because it is the real one, but she will not listen. So he sacrifices himself by pointing the unloaded gun to show her, by dying, that Class SA is real. So when Ash shoots Murphy she actually does kill him, but her psyche is so horrified that instead of acknowledging reality she hallucinates Murphy disappearing and then the ghost. Whether she shoots will, in her mind, determine if she goes back to the sepia world or stays in Class SA. But we see “Welcome to Avalon” before she even decides to shoot the ghost or not because Class SA IS Avalon, which is also the real world. SUB-QUESTION: Since Class SA is the real world, Ash would actually have to be strapped into a VR chair to return to the sepia reality. Thus by shooting her ghost and remaining in place, she would find out Class SA is real. But then why would Bishop send her in the first place, knowing she had to be killed by someone else now? Is it a vicious endless cycle, each unreturned only staying long enough to be killed by the next one before they spoil the developers’ business? With the developers using gamers to kill in order to shield themselves from criminal implication? Does all this redefine the word “unreturned” entirely, as the gamers who are killed in the real world and thus can no longer participate in the sepia virtual reality, but whose bodies remain there as shells to maintain the façade of reality for the remaining gamers? And the original use of unreturned as a word is thus something the developers ginned up to protect the façade from being revealed by the killing cycle?

Continue to my reply for #5.

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#5 The movie is a sci-fi retelling of Pygmalion. Bishop is a developer in the real world (which we never see), but sometimes comes into the game (whose first level, “reality,” is sepia, second level is the wargame, and third level is Class SA). Ash (playing the statue) is so good at the wargame that Bishop (playing the role of Pygmalion) falls in love with her. Ash exists in Bishop’s world of course, but as a shell hooked into a VR machine, and given her firm but false conception of reality, it would be impossible to bring her back in order to be with her, without destroying her sanity. So Bishop decides to bring her into Class SA, the most realistic level yet, by a somewhat elaborate ruse, so that Ash can be more fully realized (i.e. in color, and like Pygmalion’s statue coming to life). Then they can live in the virtual paradise together. The actual ruse Bishop uses, whose result is the death of Murphy, is necessary because Ash would never be with Bishop if Murphy was still around (as certain things earlier in the movie implied Ash and Murphy had been involved, and that she was still attached to him).

Continue to my reply for the 6th/last theory.

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#6 As a Catholic, like some other posters I saw some religious overtones to the film. This last theory is thus an interpretation of Avalon as a kind of Christian parable. I'm having fun; don't be offended if you're not Christian or religious!
The sepia reality, wargame, and Class SA are all virtual. That is why the ghost girl appears in all three (for the sepia appearance – see the hospital alcove), the dog appears in both Class SA and the sepia world, and the book appears blank to Bishop in the sepia world (because he controls that reality too). Initially, Ash is content with the wargame escapism and her attachment, in the “real” world, to her dog. But when the dog disappears, and she has no more attachment to her material world (she doesn’t even like eating—see her reaction to Stunner’s frenzy), she is ready to move on to a more “spiritual” world, something above both her reality and the wargame. She could not have really done this before, since Jesus said, “he who sets a hand to the plow and looks back at what was left behind is not fit to enter the kingdom.” Now that she is ready, she needs a Bishop (religion) to do so, because it is the religions that deal with higher planes of existence. The Bishop likewise selects her because she is one of the best warriors (as Jesus said, “strive to enter through the narrow gate, for many, I tell you, will attempt to enter but will not be strong enough”). Yet he still leaves it up to her to choose (as per free will). In return for doing something “moral”—killing Murphy, who we shall see later is a devil figure—she will become a developer (and thus one with the ultimate developer—God). Murphy has stopped in Class SA because he believes it is the real world—after all it’s very convincing—but as the Upanishads say, “what lies beyond life shines not to those who are childish, or careless, or deluded by wealth. This is the only world, there is no other, they say; and thus they go from death to death.” Murphy, unknowingly in the role of devil/tempter, thus tries to convince Ash that Class SA is the real world and there is no other. But Ash knows better, because the Bishop has told her so, and she has faith in his words. When Murphy sacrifices himself by pulling the unloaded gun, he thinks he is doing it to show her Class SA is in fact real—making the ultimate sacrifice for her, rather like Jesus. And again like Jesus, although inadvertently so, his death, by the dissolution of his body, showed that the Class SA world (aka our world) was not the final one, that there was another beyond it—aka Avalon/Heaven. Once Murphy dies, once she has beaten the voice trying to persuade her there is no God/Heaven, she can advance. So she goes and finds the ghost, and shooting it will take her to the next level—the final level, paradise, Avalon, the ultimate reality where she joins the creators as we do when we go to Heaven and join the Creator. Avalon in Arthurian legend is a place of rest for good warriors, as Heaven is a place of rest for good people. But for some reason the movie stops and we see a “Welcome to Avalon” screen before we know whether she shoots the ghost, though it seems like she will. I think that she does shoot, and then enters Avalon (like the soul ascending into heaven).
More Thoughts on This One: That the Bishop (who can also been viewed as God himself) had control in all three classes shows God’s omniscience and power—it is only because of His will that our reality, virtual reality, and heaven exist. Even the text in books (i.e. the King Arthur book) does not exist if Bishop/God does not will it to. Likewise, the dog disappears because the Bishop no longer wills its existence.
The Stop Avalon signs in the alleged real world are representative of the way our culture constantly tells us not to seek something higher, via hammering away at the religions and making idols of sex and money. Stunner had given up and accepted the sepia world, he thus represents the culture, and that is why he eats so frenziedly—because eating is one of his few pleasures in life and he has nothing else to look forward to. He misses shooting the ghost because he is not meant to—he has not lived a life that would merit Avalon, i.e. how it was actually Stunner who called reset.
That Class SA is so sophisticated but still not real, according to the Bishop, is characteristic of how, because life seems so real, we tend to think it is the final reality and there is nothing more. Similarly, the sepia world is the only reality Ash has ever known, and so she does not naturally perceive that there is something beyond it.
That Murphy appears in Class SA, though his body is no longer hooked up to VR in the sepia world, mirrors how our bodies exist (buried in the ground) after we die but the soul moves on and continues living in another world.
Thus the film is a comment on how we have the right idea of escaping our world to something better via video games, but that there is an even greater reality above games that even fewer people find, but it is the ultimate (timeless) reality: heaven. Class SA is our world, there is another beyond it. We need God/religion (Bishop) to guide us there. If this sixth theory is indeed what Oshii intended, then the reason he created four worlds in the movie, when in reality there are only three, is to show how even our current reality is or could be “fake.” With just the VR world of games and the spiritual one that not everyone believes in, you cannot really show that there is a sensible way in which another reality could exist (although you can’t disprove it either). But in the movie, by starting from the premise that the sepia world (the fourth one) is real and then finding out it is not, we can see how our present world could be “fake” too.

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