The real crux of the issue is, who bore responsibility for the Nazi regime, who was innocent, and for those deemed guilty, what should be their punishment, if any? Should any mitigating circumstances be considered, like in Furtwangler's case, the overwhelming humanity of his art, or his generosity to persecuted musicians? If we condemn even a man such as Furtwangler, are we seeking justice or revenge? Is there a difference? To my mind, there are no simple answers, in the sense that you could provide some automatic criteria to decide guilt or innocence. Because of that, I sided with the character of Furtwangler here much more than the major, because the major doesn't see the complexity of the issue: he only sees good vs. evil in the clearest possible terms. As a side note, knowing a fair amount about Furtwangler's actual "de-nazification" process, the movie was VERY historically innacurate and should be taken purely as fiction. Anyone who wants to know the details, and the behind-the-scenes political machinations, should check www.furtwangler.org, which has a long, thorough article about this period in his life.
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