Your Apollo 11 crew selection


We watched the Apollo 11 episode the other day and the wife said to me she wasn’t fussed on the Apollo 11 crew and if she was Deke she wouldn’t have chosen them, we then went through who we would have as our choice for Apollo 11.
Ignoring flight rotation policies I came up with:

CMD: Wally Schirra
LMP: Jim Lovell
CMP: Dave Scott

Think Wally would have been persuaded from quitting if he knew he was going to be the first man on the moon!
The wife would have just had the Apollo 12 crew.

Just wondered who you would have chosen?


I fly because I hate traffic jams, thats why I hate landing at Gatwick.

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What's so bad about the Apollo 11 crew? Buzz Aldrin was an expert on orbital rendezvous and they all had previous flight experience in the Gemini program.

"I am a collage of unaccounted for brush strokes, and I am all random!"

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Easy there tiger. Bit of harmless fun.

I fly because I hate traffic jams, thats why I hate landing at Gatwick.

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Actually according to wikipedia Deke offered Neil Armstrong to replace Buzz with Lovell as LMP. Armstrong declined the offer because he had no problem working with Buzz and because he thought Lovell deserved his own command.

After serving as commander on a Gemini mission and CMP on an Apollo mission, Lovell being an LMP really would have been a demotion.

From what I've learned of the Apollo 13 mission, either Jack Swigert or Ken Mattingly would have been fine CMP's. Swigert because he wrote several safety procedures on the CMP and Mattingly because he was one of the hardest working astronauts at NASA according to Lovell himself.

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IF>>> Gus Grissom had not died on Apollo 1 ( I was 8 yrs old and wept when ABC interupted " Time Tunnel" to announce the fire- I was just a kid but believed Gus would be the 1st man on the moon.... later it came out in "Deke!" that Gus was the chosen one ).


That being said, I've wondered if Wally Schirra was offered command of Apollo 10 or the 1st landing ( 11 ) if he would have accepted???? And why, why, Wally was not offerred the 1st Landing????

Armstrong, Collins, Aldrin... a great choice and true American - no more than that- Mankind's Heroes! Though, I must admit that Borman, Lovell and Anders orbiting the moon Christmas eve 1968 really was a wonderful moment in my personal life.... My Grandmother passed away a couple of days before and at least she passed knowing mankind was on the way to the moon- I just wished she could have seen the TV transmission from the moon and the reading of Genisis- she would have really liked that.

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[deleted]

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I heard that Wally Schirra wasn't offered the first lunar landing because Chris Kraft and Deke Slayton weren't happy with his conduct on Apollo 7 and didn't want him to fly again.

"I am a collage of unaccounted for brush strokes, and I am all random!"

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[deleted]

[deleted]

For Apollo 11.
CMD: Gus Grissom (yes yes,he died in the Apollo 1 accident I know)
LMP: Alan Shepard
CMP: Anyone

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I read Deke Slayton's autobiography and he flat-out says that if not for the fire, Gus Grissom would have been the first man on the moon.

This makes a lot of sense given that choice assignments were given out based on seniority and Grissom was one of only the few Mercury astronauts left. Schirra retired after Apollo 7 and Cooper's reputation for slacking off meant there was no way they'd ever give the first moon landing to him.

Of course it wasn't that arbitrary. A lot of factors when into Neil being at the right place at the right time. For example, if Apollo 8 and 9 hadn't switched places, then based on the typical crew rotation, Pete Conrad probably would have been the first man on the moon (which would have made his death in a motorcycle accident just weeks before the 30th anniversary of the first landing all the more tragic).

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Alan Shepherd, Gus Grissom, and John Glenn (yep, the first 3)

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"Apollo 8 and 9 hadn't switched places, then based on the typical crew rotation, Pete Conrad probably would have been the first man on the moon"

And history would have been changed forever, we wouldn’t have had "One small step" we would have had "Whoopee!!!"
OK I know he only said that because of what Neil had said but it makes you wonder what he would have said, could have been quite interesting.
Maybe:
"I claim the moon for my corvette and my chewing gum"


Im the iyatolla of rock'n'rolla

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Schirra was backup commander for what would have been Apollo 1. The first flight of any new spacecraft was considered as plum an assignment as a lunar landing attempt. Had the fire not occurred, Schirra would have been commander of the Apollo 10 mission instead.

When it came time to finally launch Apollo with a crew in October 1968, Schirra was chosen as commander as he was the most senior astronaut on rotation. Had he stayed in rotation, he would have commanded Apollo 13, which didn't appeal to him as he figured it would be the 2nd or 3rd Lunar landing.

Had it not been for Jim McDivitt wanting to stay with his mission of testing the LM in Earth orbit, his crew would have had the Apollo 8 mission and his back up crew; Conrad, Gordon and Bean would have been the prime crew for Apollo 11.

Deke Slayton said "any crew can fly any mission" and he meant it. Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins got Apollo 11 because it was their turn and the cards fell right for them.

www.rhubba.com for comedy movies, radio, blogs and...erm...stuff.

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Funny thing is, given what I've read about Buzz Aldrin, I find it curious why he was assigned as a CMP as opposed to an LMP. Buzz actually wrote his doctoral thesis on orbital rendezvous at MIT. When you factor in his experience on Gemini 12 it seems to me that would have made him an excellent CMP. Keep in mind, Deke Slayton wanted CMP's on early Apollo missions to be veterans of Gemini docking missions, hence you had Jim Lovell on what later became Apollo 8 (which, remember, was originally a LM test flight), Dave Scott on Apollo 9, John Young on Apollo 10, Mike Collins on Apollo 11, and Dick Gordon on Apollo 12.

Buzz actually was back-up CMP on Apollo 8 (Fred Haise of Apollo 13 was back-up LMP). If they'd stayed that way for the rest of the rotation, then he would have been CMP for Apollo 11, back-up commander for Apollo 14, and commander of the final mission Apollo 17.

I wonder if that might have been better for Buzz. I've read he actually did consider asking for a later mission but decided not to. He would have been spared the whole issue of "who gets out first?" and the pressure of making history. Plus Apollo 17 was a "J" mission with more science, which probably would have fit well with his reputation for an analytical mind.



Also, for those of you guy suggesting Mercury astronauts for LMP's, there's no way they'd ever go for being the most junior member on a crew, even if it meant being on a moon landing.

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Armstrong was perhaps the most experienced test pilot of them all.

Aldrin had that degree in orbital mechanics.

And Collins, as it turns out, has proven himself to be perhaps the most gifted writer of the astronauts and has been able to share his part pretty nicely with the rest of us.

It's hard to imagine a better crew. I don't know, maybe Collins and Aldrin should have switched seats.

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Just adding my 'penno'th' -

One of the reasons for choosing Neil A. - apart from his obvious previous qualifications - may have been the fact that, at the time of Apollo 11, he was a civilian astronaut. Thus, it avoided any rivalry between the U.S. Navy and Airforce of competing for the honour!

I also recollect at the time, there were some clamourings to 're-use' the Apollo 8 crew intact for the first lunar landing mission.

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There's been a lot of talk suggesting Neil Armstrong was chosen to command the first landing (and chosen to get out first) because he was a civilian (albeit a former Navy officer).

From what I've read, this is total bull. A number of factors beyond anyone's control led to Neil being in the right place at the right time.

First of all, being assigned to a specific crew didn't necessary determine your mission. If the preceding mission failed, the following crew would've likely made a second attempt, instead of moving on to the next type of mission.

Second, if they hadn't chosen to switch the Apollo 8 and 9 crew (along with their back-ups), Apollo 12's Pete Conrad (a Navy officer) would have been in a position to command Apollo 11, which very likely would've been the first landing. There was also talk of making a landing attempt on Apollo 10 (commanded by Tom Stafford, an Air Force officer) since they were taking a LM all the way to the moon anyway.

Deke Slayton also mentions in his autobiography that, had he not been killed in the Apollo One fire, Gus Grissom (again, an Air Force officer) would probably have been the first man on the moon.

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Neil Armstrong wasn't chosen because of his civilian status.

He was chosen simply because he was the commander of Apollo 11, and Apollo 11 was -just through how events worked out- the flight that made the first landing.

As previous posters have said, if earlier missions had failed, then Pete Conrad's Apollo 12 crew could just have easily been the first landing crew. Conrad's all-Navy crew could also have been the first landing crew if problems with the LM hadn't led to Borman and McDivitt's crew switching places.

I do think it might have been a good idea if Aldrin and Collins had switched seats. The job of CMP, with its focus on rendezvous, would have been tailormade for Aldrin's background. As well, Collins would not have been so bothered by the question of who emerged first from the hatch for the moonwalk. Bill Anders, from Apollo 8, might have been a good replacement for Aldrin. Anders would have been more than happy to have been second out of the hatch. As well, he had extensive experience in the LM simulator and the LMTV.

Originally, Jim Lovell would have been CMP for Apollo 11. That was when Michael Collins was CMP for Apollo 8. However, Collins had to have back surgery which sidelined him and prompted Lovell moving up to the prime crew. If Collins hadn't needed the back surgery, then Lovell would have been CMP for Apollo 11, and would almost surely have been the last man on the moon. (As Lovell, would not have done as Collins did and opted to retire after Apollo 11. Lovell, who wanted to land himself, would have been back-up commander for Apollo 14 and then commanded Apollo 17 himself).

As for Lovell being Armstrong's LMP, he would have been a good one, but I think that both he and Armstrong would have been bothered by it. The LMP really was the subordinate position in the crew, and it wouldn't have been that appropriate for Lovell to have been LMP after being in space twice already and even having been in command of his own mission. Of course, if it meant being able to walk on the Moon, that might have made a difference for Lovell, but it's doubtful. As it was, Lovell was already being set-up as Apollo 11's back-up commander, so he wouldn't have been considered for LMP.

In Deke's autobiography he also noted that he was prepared to throw the rotation out the window and assign the first landing to either Frank Borman or Jim McDivitt's crew. That could have caused rebellion though (especially as Borman and McDivitt were both Air Force officers like Slayton had been). Slayton had figured that they each stood a good chance of success, as Borman had commanded the first lunar mission and McDivitt had commanded the first LM flight. Borman was approached and said no, as he didn't think he could get his crew ready in time.

It would have been interesting to see if there had been more Mercury astronauts available for the first landing. If Alan Shephard had been available to fly earlier (i.e. recovered from Menieres sooner) would he have been put on the first landing, even though he had no rendezvous experience? Schirra had already decided to retire after Apollo 7, but if he hadn't, would he have been put on the first landing? The Mercury astronauts were the trailblazers, but the Group 2 (i.e. the Gemini Nine selection from 1962) were easily the most talented and accomplished at NASA. Would Mercury status and Deke's clear favour for one of his own class have prevailed over the sheer competence of the New Nine?

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With Buzz's rendezvous expertise and experience, he would've made a fine CMP. In fact I've read that Deke wanted the CMP's on the first few Apollo LM missions to be veterans of Gemini docking missions. This is clearly reflected when you look at Jim Lovell on Apollo 8 (which was originally to be a LM mission), Buzz Aldrin on the Apollo 8 backup crew, Dave Scott on Apollo 9, John Young on Apollo 10, Mike Collins on Apollo 11, and Dick Gordon on Apollo 12 and the Apollo 9 backup crew.

I don't think anyone would've picked Michael Collins as LMP, however. For one thing, it would've been a demotion since he was ahead of Buzz in the flight rotation. (It would've been the same for Jim Lovell as LMP). Also, and more importantly, Mike specialty had always been in the field of the command module. It would've been a huge waste of his experience to take him away from that and assign him to a craft he was far less familiar with.

I have heard as well that Borman's crew was considered to fly Apollo 11. I'm sure Borman would've been capable. I think it was far better for morale to leave it to the impartiality of the crew rotation however.

When you look at Deke's selection on the whole, I don't think anyone can seriously argue any favoritism for Air Force officers. If anything, there's more evidence for favoriting the Navy, since of all the Apollo landing missions (including the aborted Apollo 13), all but one (Apoll 15) were commanded by current or former Naval officers.

There is evidece of favoritism in some other aspects, however. Deke definately believed in the privledge of seniority. Thus two of the three Mercury astronauts that flew Gemini got assignments that would've appealed to test pilots like them: the first manned flight (Grissom on Gemini 3) and the first rendezvous (Schirra on Gemini 6).

Also, while all the astronauts in Group 3 were experienced pilots, Deke tended to favor the ones in the group who were actually TEST pilots, while the ones with a more scientific background (Buzz Aldrin, Walt Cunningham, Bill Anders, and Rusty Schweickhart) didn't get prime crew assignments until later. Buzz wouldn't have flown on Gemini 12, and by extention, probably Apollo 11, if the untimely deaths of Ted Freeman, and later Charlie Bassett, hadn't bumped him up in the rotation.

As I said, it's very likely Grissom would've been at least considered for the first landing. Whether Shepard would've been considered is another story. As it stands, he was the only Apollo commander with no rendezvous experience (though you could argue Borman was as well since his Gemini craft was passive for the Gemini 6 and 7 rendezvous).

There were a lot of 'what if's' that can come up given how many twists of fate put certain astronauts in certain assignments:

-The plane crash that put Stafford and Cernan on Gemini 9 and Jim Lovell and Buzz on Gemini 12
-Donn Eislie's injured shoulder that got him replaced with Ed White on Apollo 1.
-Mike Collins' back surgery that took him off Apollo 8 and put him on Apollo 11
-The problems getting the LM ready that led to the switching of the Apollo 8 and 9 prime and backup crews
-Ken Mattingly's German measle scare that got him replaced with Jack Swigert on Apollo 13
-The concern over Alan Shepard's perceived lack of training time that got Jim Lovell and the Apollo 14 crew bumped up to Apollo 13. (The reason the movie "Apollo 13" gives that "Al Shepard's ear infection flared up" is untrue).
-The pressure from the scientific community that led to Jack Schmitt replacing Joe Engle as LMP on Apollo 17

There's a few others as well. Ultimately though, I think we can say it worked out well and that Deke's belief that "any crew can fly any mission" proved true.

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Helicoptering in either McDivitt or Borman would not have been done because they were Air Force officers is true, I know. However, I suspect that there might have been grumblings about it in the Astronaut Office from astronauts like Pete Conrad, John Young, Dick Gordon, Jim Lovell, etc.

Slayton's handling of the Group 3 astronauts is indeed puzzling. While it is valid that Slayton seemed to prefer the test pilots to the non-test pilots, it doesn't cover everything.

Gene Cernan, a non-test pilot was made back-up for Gemini 9 and, even if Ted Charlie Bassett hadn't died, would have flown on Gemini 12. Meanwhile, Al Bean, who was a Pax River graduate was seemingly ignored by Slayton and was shunted off to various backwater jobs until C.C. Williams was killed in a plane crash and Pete Conrad asked as Bean for his replacement (Bean was Conrad's original choice by Slayton told Conrad that Bean was working on AAP instead).

Cernan, in his own autobiography, had some harsh words for a lot of the non-test pilots. He felt that Aldrin, Cunningham and Schweickhart were less than ideal astronauts. He said that Cunningham and Schweickhart were both arrogant intellectuals who felt they were above a lot of the others. (Cunningham made a point of reading The Wall Street Journal during some ground school classes, for example.) Aldrin, he felt, was a wholly impractical man who was so in love with his own ideas and theories that he didn't consider how practical they actually were. (For example, Aldrin suggested using small scissors to cut through the shroud straps of the Agena target when they got stuck on Gemini 9. Cernan, who was the spacewalker to have done the cutting felt this was ridiculous).

Bill Anders, long speculated about what it took to get on a crew. Due to Bean's test pilot credentials not being named to a Gemini crew meant that background wasn't the answer, especially as Aldrin and Cernan both were placed on Gemini crews. At one point he thought that maybe Slayton and Shephard simply threw darts at a names list on the wall or picked names from a hat at random.

As for the Navy vs Air Force, Buzz Aldrin long felt that there was a favouritism towards astronauts from the Navy. He saw it as a clique that dominated the astronaut corps. He always felt that his ideas and theories were regarded as highly because he wasn't from this clique of Navy pilots.

I don't think anyone would have seriously regarded Jim Lovell as Neil Armstrong's LMP. Even Armstrong felt that Lovell had commanded a mission of his own and couldn't be realistically asked to take the most junior assignment on the crew. Collins, on the other hand, WAS in front of Aldrin on the flight rotation (if the Gemini rotation had any correlation to the Apollo selections), so it could have been seen as a demotion. BUT, it did involve the chance to walk on the Moon. I suspect that many astronauts would not have been so uptight about seniority on the flight rotation when it came to a chance to land on the moon. I can understand and agree with being in command versus being the LMP. However, in terms of being the CMP and LMP...Although the LMP was the junior assignment, it meant a chance to walk on the Moon. That could have gone a long way to overcoming details like seniority of positions.

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In his autobiography, Deke specifically addressed suggestions that he didn't think much of Bean, pointing out that Bean was the first of his group to be assigned to a command position (namely backup commander of Gemini 10). I forget what else he had to say on the subject. I suggest finding a copy of it. It's a good read.

Cernan is entitled to his opinions about Aldrin, Schweickhart, and Cunningham. Some people just don't mesh well together. I'd point out that he never worked with the latter two on a crew and perhaps did not really have an opportunity to get to know them well. Schweikhart says he made a bad impression on Gus Grissom early on, but that two came to a better understanding later on when they worked together. In his own book, Cernan recalls how dubious he was when Joe Engle was dropped from his crew in favor of Jack Schmitt, a scientist. Nevertheless he tells how well they ultimately worked together on the mission, and that in fact their different personalities complimented each other when exploring the moon, far more than Engle, who personality was closer to Cernan's would have.

The unfortunate fact is both Schweikhart and Cunningham, after waiting so long for missions, both ended up with albatross around their necks which ensured they'd almost certiainly never fly in space again (which they haven't).

I've read that, to his credit, Cunningham wasn't nearly as combative with the ground crews as his Apollo 7 crewmates were, and tried to stay out of the fray, but paid the price nonetheless.

Schweickhart's space sickness is what effectively grounded him. Other astronauts, of course, got sick in space, including Borman on Apollo 8, but tended to downplay this, whereas Schweickhart was candid about happened and even volunteered for medical tests to help learn more about what happened. In the book "In the Shadow of the Moon" (no relation to the documentary), he expresses anger at Borman for downplaying his own sickness for the sake of the "macho astronaut" image, when perhaps more could have been learned if he'd been more forthcoming.

From what I heard, there was some talk of replacing Aldrin with Lovell, but Arsmtrong dismissed that pretty quickly.

As for Collins and Aldrin, as I pointed out, Collins area of work had always been the command module (as oppose to someone like Fred Haise, who had worked on the Lunar Module and was a natural choice for to be an LMP). As I said, it would have been a huge waste of experience to take him out of a craft he was quite familiar with and put him in a craft he was far less familiar with. Collins, for his part, always stressed that going "99% of the way" was good enough for him.

The truth is, if Collins wanted to walk on the moon badly enough, he could have stayed in rotation and would have had a very good shot at Apollo 17. If you strictly follow the rotation pattern, Collins would have been Al Shepard's backup on Apollo 14, then commanded Apollo 17. But Collins was reportedly tired of the grind of being an astronaut (he even reportedly developed a facial twitch from the stress of training for Apollo 11), not to mention the time away from his family. Aldrin also mentions in his book "Magnificent Desolation" that all three Apollo 11 crewmen decided it would selfish to go back into the crew rotation after such a historic mission.

It's a sort of sad counterpoint that some of the astronauts who also orbited the moon but really DID want to walk on it (specifically Bill Anders and Dick Gordon) never got that chance.

I can't speak of bias in favor of Naval officers over Air Force ones, but it's worth noting that Apollo 15, the only all-Air Force Apollo crew on the moon (Apollo 9 was also composed of current or former Air Force guys)were left with a rather bad reputation because of the stamp incident. Not only did destroy their astronaut careers, but it likely ensured Dave Scott would never make General. For his part, Scott says other crews did similar things, but never got caught.

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It sounds like you and I have read a lot of the same books.

I can appreciate that Collins had always spent more time at Downey, working on the Command Module. However, Bill Anders had spent time training to fly in the LM. He was one of the handful that had training on LLTV. I could never figure out why he was made back-up CMP for Apollo 11. I would have thought he would have been put into the LMP slot. I'm sure he wouldn't have left the program if he would have had a chance of actually landing on the moon himself down the line. On the other hand, if he had been named the back-up LMP for Apollo 11, he would have eventually wound up flying Apollo 13, since Lovell's back-up crew swapped places with Alan Shepard's for Apollo 14.

I sort of think that Shepard should have picked Anders to be his LMP for Apollo 14. Anders wouldn't have gotten distracted by stuff like ESP experiments the way Ed Mitchell did. Mitchell's lack of focus became enough of a problem that at one point there was talk of swapping him with Joe Engle from the back-up crew. Gene Cernan later said that with hindsight he should have pushed for that switch to be made, as he thought highly of Engle and was sorry that he never got a chance to go to the moon himself. (As Engle was switched for Apollo 17 with Jack Schmidt who had been LMP on the cancelled Apollo 18).

Cernan WAS dubious towards Schmidt, especially as he thought highly of Engle's flying skills. However, once he got to work with Schmidt he saw that Schmidt would be a fine LMP. Their personalities did compliment each other better AND Cernan saw that Schmidt was competent enough as a pilot (He said Schmidt wasn't the best he'd worked with, but was far from the worst) that he could trust him in the LM. Schmidt and Dick Gordon even were a good team together, as -like with Cernan- their personalities complimented each other very well.

I know that Collins passed up a chance to go to the moon later on as commander of Apollo 17. I was speculating that he might have been fine with the more junior position on Apollo 11 as he could have walked on the moon then. (i.e. He knew Apollo 11 would be his last mission, but this way he could have actually landed instead of orbiting the moon.) Personally, if I were Collins, I would have wanted to have stayed in the rotation and commanded Apollo 17.

In terms of the Apollo 11 crewman going back into the rotation, realistically only Collins would have been offered that. It was sort of an unwritten rule that only the CMP's would go back into the rotation if they wanted it. The other two had been able to have a moonwalk already so it definitely would be unfair to let them have another. Of course, if they wanted to they probably could have transferred over to projects like Skylab (like Pete Conrad and Al Bean did after Apollo 12) or the Space Shuttle program.

I always felt sorry for Dick Gordon. Of all the CMP's for the landing missions, he was the one who wanted to walk on the moon the most.

The bias towards Navy astronauts over Air Force ones seemed to be something more in the mind of Buzz Aldrin than anything else. I do know that there was hostility in the Air Force towards astronauts who left NASA and returned to Air Force careers due to the Stamp Affair. Stu Roosa considered returning to the Air Force after the Apollo program ended but opted not to simply due to that hostility.

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Personally, if I were Collins, I would have wanted to have stayed in the rotation and commanded Apollo 17.


Three years is a long way off, first of all, and even with the crew rotation, nothing is guaranteed, as poor Joe Engle discovered.

There was also the very real possibility that the program wouldn't have made it to Apollo 17, with budget cuts and waning support.

Gene Cernan's holding out for 17 was a big gamble, something he himself has admitted. He actually passed on a much safer bet as John Young's LMP on the Apollo 13 backup and Apollo 16 prime crews because he wanted to be a commander. There was something of a real debate whether his crew or Dick Gordon's should fly 17, and Cernan risked losing his shot after he crashed a helicopter.

One other thing to keep in mind is that astronauts, assigned to a crew or not, put in EXTREMELY long and stressful hours, often only seeing their family on weekends (living in Houston and training at the Cape all week). To hold out for the very slim hope of commanding a mission three years away that may not even happen would subjecting yourself and your family to three more long weeks of that. Collins simply decided six years was enough. Perhaps it's not a coincidence that he's never gotten divorced, while both his 11 crewmates Neil and Buzz, and other guys who did stick with the program longer (Cernan, Gordon, Young, Scott, Conrad, Bean, etc.) did.

So it's one thing to say you would have stuck it out, but after six stressful years (enough to give Collins a facial twitch) away from your family, you might start to feel differently.

It was sort of an unwritten rule that only the CMP's would go back into the rotation if they wanted it.


Not exactly, but all of the Apollo commanders were of the second and third groups, meaning they'd been there from six to ten years by the time their Apollo mission came up, (except of course for Al Shepard, who been their even longer). Most were tired and wanted to move on to other things and knew full well that the rotation wasn't long enough to come back to them.

Same goes for LMP's since they'd have to first serve as a back-up CMP, a prime CMP, then a back-up commander, before finally commanding a mission. With two other missions in between each, that's twelve missions between the right side of a LM and the left side.

Both commanders and LMP's did fly other missions in other programs (Conrad and Bean on Skylab, Stafford on Apollo-Soyuz, Young and Haise on the space shuttle, though not in space in Haise's case).

As for why Anders was assigned where he was, you'll have to ask Deke (good luck with that!) Maybe it was because, although he'd trained in a LM, his actual experience in space had been on a CSM.

Regarding Mitchell, there were some concern over lack of focus during training, but I think he performed admirably, particularly with problems he and Shepard had with the LM computer.

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Why so much debate? It all seemed to work out just fine, did I miss something and did Apollo 11 not have a successful mission with no mistakes?

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CMD: Neil Armstrong
CMP: Frank Borman
LMP: Dave Scott

I doubt they would put Borman under Armstrong though.

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