A "goldeneye" is a kind of small duck.
The males look like this, they're very handsome little things.
https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8512/8570130058_ca475411ca_b.jpg
Why did they name a Bond film after a duck?
The name is intended to be a description of what the weapon looks like.
I would guess in real life it would be the type of name real intelligence agencies would avoid so that enemies can't infer from the name what the device does or looks like.