MovieChat Forums > Glory (1990) Discussion > Black Confederates ????????

Black Confederates ????????


I heard there were African Americans that willingly fought for the Confederacy ? is this true ? if so does anyone know why they would do this? I also heard that they were employed By Nathan Bedfored Forrest the guy that started the KKK, now im officialy confused.

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Hi Karneda92,

The Black Confederates is a recurrent thread on this board and on all Civil War boards. There is a self-published book by one of the Sons of the Confederacy called Black Confederates. I have it and have read it. By "willingly fought", did you mean, eat, drink, drill with white troops as comrade in arms? If so, no. Blacks were not allowed to be armed though the authors claim that around 20 or 30 blacks bore arms but couldn't give names or locations. If you meant cook, bury the dead, do laundry, drive mule teams, dig ditches and trenches, yes, blacks certainly worked for the Confederacy. There were also number of slaves who acted as valets followed their masters into war, either because they ordered to or willingly. There are a number of articles on the web questioning the Myth of the Black Confederates too.

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sorry i never really knew that this thread has been countlessly brought up, do you know where i can buy this book ?

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Hi Karneda92,

It's on the net, just Google Black Confederates or check out Amazon.

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Many people are suspicious and even dismissive of such claims.
The roles of blacks in service of the Confederacy have been controversial because assertions of willing service in the war have been made by white racists with dubious motives.

However, I think it is clear that black slaves did play some role in the Confederate defense. They definitively played some role as servants and in support roles.

Less clear is whether a significant number of black slaves actually served in the Confederate military and participated in combat. It has been argued that black slaves viewed the "Northern Aggression" into the South as an invasion of the homeland just like the white population.

People who dismiss the notion of Black Confederates are wrong. Late in the War the South authorized the creation of battalions manned by slaves. There is plenty of photographic evidence of uniformed and armed blacks in Confederate uniform. You can refer to this very good web site on the subject:
http://blackconfederatesoldiers.com/index.html

There are two larger questions that this raises:
1) Was the role of blacks in the Confederate armies significant?
I don't see any evidence that it was, other than in support positions such as cooks.

2) Does the presence of blacks in the Confederate armies add legitimacy to the Southern cause?
I don't see how.
Slavery was not the only issue that brought the nation to Civil War, but it was the great moral issue underlying the conflict. The south stood to perpetuate a truly heinous institution.

A close inspection of an historical period always identifies contradictions to stereotypes. Not all Slave holders were evil and not all master-slave relationships were the same, but they were all profoundly wrong.



I was born in the house my father built

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Excellent post Judger.

"I shall tread uncommon wary and keep my pepperbox handy."

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Not all Slave holders were evil...
Ownership of another human as property is inherently evil.

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[deleted]

Making a person work for you by force and without pay is inherently evil, especially when the force is racially driven. You've got to be seriously morally corrupted to think otherwise.

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[deleted]

I don't think humane is the appropriate word to use for someone who forces another into lifelong bondage.

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[deleted]

Keep in mind that once you say that A = B, you have also said that B = A.

In other words, without disagreeing with you and the essential evil of owning another person, some slave owners must have been more evil than others, and therefor some must have been less evil than others.

Good people sometimes perform evil acts and even the most evil people sometimes perform good acts. It is difficult for me to think of anything that Stalin or Hitler did that is good. Hitler seems to have loved his dog, but I think he poisoned her to test the cyanide pill he was about to give Eva.

Nevertheless, I cling to Yin and Yang. Even slave holders must have been less than pure evil.

The best diplomat I know is a fully charged phaser bank.

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And let's not forget there were Black slave owners and traders as well. Let the liberals play a race card on that one.

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@guyinwesthouston

And let's not forget there were Black slave owners and traders as well. Let the liberals play a race card on that one.


What the hell do you mean by "playing the race card"? Fck that stupid "race card" s***,---there is no such fckn thing. Race is not a fckn game anyone plays---it's always been a very REAL problem and always has been for people of color. And were a very small number of black slave owners, and the "slaves" they owned were actually their own family members whom they bought out of slavery so that they could stay together. White folks always like throwing that fact about black slave owners up as if it justifies your white ancestors having enslaved us in the first place, and as a way to deflect from those same ancestors having been slavemasters. Newsflash---no it fckn dosen't justify a damn thing that was done to my ancestors, so fck off with that bull****.


Also, none of these Black Confederates were ever allowed to see battle,and they certainly were never near anywhere enough to claim that they supported the Civil War----the majority of slaves wanted to get the fck of the South and fight for the Union, not the Confederacy that wanted to keep them enslaved. So really, the whole "Black Confederates" thing is just some straws these Sons of the Confederacy have grasped to claim that there were black slaves on their sides---yeah, right,that's really stretching it.

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Good post. But you should refrain from swearing. It doesn't add anything to your sentiment, on the contrary.

People who don't like their beliefs being laughed at shouldn't have such funny beliefs

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Louis Napoleon Nelson was one such confederate! And he was happy with his service to visit a troop reunion years later!

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And just how many of these guys were there compared to the tens of thousands who fought for the Union? The African-American troops fighting for the U.S. have monuments, such as that at Petersburg, outside Richmond, for the black Pennsylvania unit that launched the initial assault on the Confederate fortifications, and the famous one to the 54th Massachussetts in Washington, DC. I've seen them both and maybe others have too on this thread. Where are the monuments to any black confederates?

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[deleted]

...And just how many of these guys were there compared to the tens of thousands who fought for the Union?


...Where are the monuments to any black confederates?


This is a fallacy called Moving the goal post. Your side lost the original debate, so you attempt to change (move the goal) the debate.

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There were attempts to organize black regiments at various times, but until the final months of the war the Confederate government vetoed this. A Louisiana militia regiment was organized entirely of blacks early in the war, but once Richmond heard about it they ordered it disbanded immediately. Supposedly there was a company of Virginia blacks who served with Lee in the final days of the war but they never saw combat.

There were cases of individual blacks fighting with the Confederates, but these were few and far between. Unless you count slaves conscripted to build fortifications, dig trenches, etc. which isn't exactly voluntary. Certainly compared to the 180,000+ blacks who fought with the Union army, they were a negligible factor in the war.

Two reasons why slaves might have initially supported the Confederacy. One, simple patriotism: they probably shared their master's view of an outside threat to their country and rallied around the Confederate flag. Keep in mind that slaves had served in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 too. Two, because the Union government did not make the war overtly anti-slavery until September 1862, so the alternative initially wasn't necessarily better. On the other hand, after Union troops began to occupy the South, and certainly after the Proclamation, most slaves lost any loyalty to their masters and home states, whether or not they openly rebelled or took up arms.

"That's what the elves call Justice of the Unicorn!"

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There were attempts to organize black regiments at various times, but until the final months of the war the Confederate government vetoed this. A Louisiana militia regiment was organized entirely of blacks early in the war, but once Richmond heard about it they ordered it disbanded immediately. Supposedly there was a company of Virginia blacks who served with Lee in the final days of the war but they never saw combat.


ehem

Noted Examples:

1. The "Richmond Howitzers" were partially manned by black militiamen. They saw action at 1st Manassas (or 1st Battle of Bull Run) where they operated battery no. 2. In addition two black “regiments”, one free and one slave, participated in the battle on behalf of the South. “Many colored people were killed in the action”, recorded John Parker, a former slave.

2. At least one Black Confederate was a non-commissioned officer. James Washington, Co. D 35th Texas Cavalry, Confederate States Army, became it’s 3rd Sergeant. Higher ranking black commissioned officers served in militia units, but this was on the State militia level (Louisiana) and not in the regular C.S. Army.

3. Free black musicians, cooks, soldiers and teamsters earned the same pay as white confederate privates. This was not the case in the Union army where blacks did not receive equal pay. At the Confederate Buffalo Forge in Rockbridge County, Virginia, skilled black workers "earned on average three times the wages of white Confederate soldiers and more than most Confederate army officers ($350- $600 a year).

4. Dr. Lewis Steiner, Chief Inspector of the United States Sanitary Commission while observing Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson's occupation of Frederick, Maryland, in 1862: "Over 3,000 Negroes must be included in this number [Confederate troops]. These were clad in all kinds of uniforms, not only in cast-off or captured United States uniforms, but in coats with Southern buttons, State buttons, etc. These were shabby, but not shabbier or seedier than those worn by white men in the rebel ranks. Most of the Negroes had arms, rifles, muskets, sabers, bowie-knives, dirks, etc.....and were manifestly an integral portion of the Southern Confederate Army."

5. Frederick Douglas reported, “There are at the present moment many Colored men in the Confederate Army doing duty not only as cooks, servants and laborers, but real soldiers, having musket on their shoulders, and bullets in their pockets, ready to shoot down any loyal troops and do all that soldiers may do to destroy the Federal government and build up that of the…rebels.”

6. Black and white militiamen returned heavy fire on Union troops at the Battle of Griswoldsville (near Macon, GA). Approximately 600 boys and elderly men were killed in this skirmish.

7. In 1864, President Jefferson Davis approved a plan that proposed the emancipation of slaves, in return for the official recognition of the Confederacy by Britain and France. France showed interest but Britain refused.

8. The Jackson Battalion included two companies of black soldiers. They saw combat at Petersburg under Col. Shipp. "My men acted with utmost promptness and goodwill...Allow me to state sir that they behaved in an extraordinary acceptable manner."

9. Recently the National Park Service, with a recent discovery, recognized that blacks were asked to help defend the city of Petersburg, Virginia and were offered their freedom if they did so. Regardless of their official classification, black Americans performed support functions that in today's army many would be classified as official military service. The successes of white Confederate troops in battle, could only have been achieved with the support these loyal black Southerners.

10. Confederate General John B. Gordon (Army of Northern Virginia) reported that all of his troops were in favor of Colored troops and that it’s adoption would have “greatly encouraged the army”. Gen. Lee was anxious to receive regiments of black soldiers. The Richmond Sentinel reported on 24 Mar 1864, “None…will deny that our servants are more worthy of respect than the motley hordes which come against us.” “Bad faith [to black Confederates] must be avoided as an indelible dishonor.”

11. In March 1865, Judah P. Benjamin, Confederate Secretary Of State, promised freedom for blacks who served from the State of Virginia. Authority for this was finally received from the State of Virginia and on April 1st 1865, $100 bounties were offered to black soldiers. Benjamin exclaimed, “Let us say to every Negro who wants to go into the ranks, go and fight, and you are free…Fight for your masters and you shall have your freedom.” Confederate Officers were ordered to treat them humanely and protect them from "injustice and oppression".

12. A quota was set for 300,000 black soldiers for the Confederate States Colored Troops. 83% of Richmond's male slave population volunteered for duty. A special ball was held in Richmond to raise money for uniforms for these men. Before Richmond fell, black Confederates in gray uniforms drilled in the streets. Due to the war ending, it is believed only companies or squads of these troops ever saw any action. Many more black soldiers fought for the North, but that difference was simply a difference because the North instituted this progressive policy more sooner than the more conservative South. Black soldiers from both sides received discrimination from whites who opposed the concept .

13. Union General U.S. Grant in Feb 1865, ordered the capture of “all the Negro men… before the enemy can put them in their ranks.” Frederick Douglas warned Lincoln that unless slaves were guaranteed freedom (those in Union controlled areas were still slaves) and land bounties, “they would take up arms for the rebels”.

14. On April 4, 1865 (Amelia County, VA), a Confederate supply train was exclusively manned and guarded by black Infantry. When attacked by Federal Cavalry, they stood their ground and fought off the charge, but on the second charge they were overwhelmed. These soldiers are believed to be from "Major Turner's" Confederate command.

15. A Black Confederate, George _____, when captured by Federals was bribed to desert to the other side. He defiantly spoke, "Sir, you want me to desert, and I ain't no deserter. Down South, deserters disgrace their families and I am never going to do that."

16. Former slave, Horace King, accumulated great wealth as a contractor to the Confederate Navy. He was also an expert engineer and became known as the “Bridge builder of the Confederacy.” One of his bridges was burned in a Yankee raid. His home was pillaged by Union troops, as his wife pleaded for mercy.

17. One black C. S. Navy seaman was among the last Confederates to surrender, aboard the CSS Shenandoah, six months after the war ended. At least two blacks served as Navy pilots with the rank of Warrant Officer. One, William Bugg, piloted the CSS Sampson, and another, Moses Dallas, was considered the best inland pilot of the C.S. Navy. Dallas piloted the Savannah River squadron and was paid $100 a month until the time he was killed by the enemy during the capture of USS Water Witch.

18. Nearly 180,000 Black Southerners, from Virginia alone, provided logistical support for the Confederate military. Many were highly skilled workers. These included a wide range of jobs: nurses, military engineers, teamsters, ordnance department workers, brakemen, firemen, harness makers, blacksmiths, wagonmakers, boatmen, mechanics, wheelwrights, ect. In the 1920'S Confederate pensions were finally allowed to some of those workers that were still living. Many thousands more served in other Confederate States.

19. During the early 1900’s, many members of the United Confederate Veterans (UCV) advocated awarding former slaves rural acreage and a home. There was hope that justice could be given those slaves that were once promised “forty acres and a mule” but never received any. In the 1913 Confederate Veteran magazine published by the UCV, it was printed that this plan “If not Democratic, it is [the] Confederate” thing to do. There was much gratitude toward former slaves, which “thousands were loyal, to the last degree”, now living with total poverty of the big cities. Unfortunately, their proposal fell on deaf ears on Capitol Hill.

20. During the 5oth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1913, arrangements were made for a joint reunion of Union and Confederate veterans. The commission in charge of the event made sure they had enough accommodations for the black Union veterans, but were completely surprised when unexpected black Confederates arrived. The white Confederates immediately welcomed their old comrades, gave them one of their tents, and “saw to their every need”. Nearly every Confederate reunion including those blacks that served with them, wearing the gray.

21. The first military monument in the US Capitol that honors an African-American soldier is the Confederate monument at Arlington National cemetery. The monument was designed 1914 by Moses Ezekiel, a Jewish Confederate. Who wanted to correctly portray the “racial makeup” in the Confederate Army. A black Confederate soldier is depicted marching in step with white Confederate soldiers. Also shown is one “white soldier giving his child to a black woman for protection”.- source: Edward Smith, African American professor at the American University, Washington DC.

22. Black Confederate heritage is beginning to receive the attention it deserves. For instance, Terri Williams, a black journalist for the Suffolk “Virginia Pilot” newspaper, writes: “I’ve had to re-examine my feelings toward the [Confederate] flag…It started when I read a newspaper article about an elderly black man whose ancestor worked with the Confederate forces. The man spoke with pride about his family member’s contribution to the cause, was photographed with the [Confederate] flag draped over his lap…that’s why I now have no definite stand on just what the flag symbolizes, because it no longer is their history, or my history, but our history.”



Resources:

Charles Kelly Barrow, et.al. Forgotten Confederates: An Anthology About Black Southerners (1995). Currently the best book on the subject.
Ervin L. Jordan, Jr. Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia (1995). Well researched and very good source of information on Black Confederates, but has a strong Union bias.
Richard Rollins. Black Southerners in Gray (1994). Excellent source.
Dr. Edward Smith and Nelson Winbush, “Black Southern Heritage”. An excellent educational video. Mr. Winbush is a descendent of a Black Confederate and a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV).

Author, Historian William C. Davis on Black Confederates:

Noted Civil War historian/Author William C. Davis writes about the forgotten black Confederates: "One of the lost chapters of Civil War history has been the passive and even active support that many southern blacks, free and slave, gave to the Confederacy. "Forgotten Confederates" illuminates the overlooked facet of this seemingly contradictory behavior by a group of African Americans who appear to have thought of themselves as Southerners first and blacks second. Neither Confederate history, nor black studies, can afford to ignore it."

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Hi NoahBody,

In the newest episode of the PBS television show, History Detectives, broadcast a fascinating story about Black Confederates based on the Chandler Family tintype that had been shown on the Antiques Roadshow. While it makes it clear that very few black actually carried arms for the Confederacy, I think you'll find it interesting.

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Your article is certainly full of good examples of individual (and also multiple) incidents of colored men participating in the war however, the bottom line is not until the very end of the war when manpower and hope was at it's lowest "Authority for this was finally received from the State of Virginia and on April 1st 1865" did the Confederate Government authorize the formation of black regiments.

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Exactly!

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That's just neo-Confederate propaganda, my friend. It's something you must be very careful to avoid. Most of your claims take place in 1864 or beyond, when the South was scraping the bottom of the barrel for manpower. A deathbed conversion if there ever was one. Yes, there were some blacks who fought for the rebels. Yes, there were certainly a lot of black laborers who performed duties around camp. No, the rebel government never seriously considered equipping large numbers of black soldiers until the end of the war. Regarding the book "Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees," the author himself admits that only approximately 300 blacks in Virginia received compensation for their services, out of 500,000 total blacks in the state. He goes further to state that there were far more Virginia blacks who were willing to support the Union, and that black Confederates were a minority within a minority. I also have access to reviews from professional historians, and their reviews are largely unfavorable. Here's a bit from Dr. Steven Miller of the University of Maryland. Source: The Journal of American History, June 1996.

"Attempting to restore Afro-Confederates to the historical stage, Jordan overcorrects, assigning marginal bit players to the role of principals. Much of his case rests on anecdotal evidence, to which he gives a less skeptical reading than it deserves. He is unduly inclined to regard public avowals of Confederate patriotism by black people as sincere and voluntary acts and to downplay the coercion and terror that shaped their response to a war to preserve slavery."

And if you're using the SCV to back up your sources, I'd seriously re-examine them and use a real book. You might as well be using Stormfront sources for commenting on a movie about World War Two. The SCV used to simply be a heritage organization like Daughters of the American Revolution, but now it's just a club for deluded Lost Causers.

Furthermore, black Union soldiers were eventually given equal pay. It took until summer of 1864 but it was done. The rebels' official policy towards captured black soldiers was also atrocious and reflected their attitudes toward blacks in general.

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How did I miss this fabulous post?

Black Confederate soldiers were also mentioned in Ken Burns Civil War Series. I just watched it again with my daughter, who had it on a list of things to watch before starting her US History class.

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I'm not surprised. As someone else mentioned, there were black slave owners.

Even back in Africa, tribe members traded/sold other tribe members to whites to be carried to America.

Hell, black on black crime is high today. Very little respect for one another apparently.

So I'm not surprised that there were Black Confederates. It figures.

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Wow. So, based on your logic of people of the the same skin color killing each other, white people apparently have a lot of problems, too- The Hundred Years' War; The English Civil War; The French & Indian War; the American Revolution; the Napoleonic Wars; the War of 1812; the Civil War; the Franco-Prussian War; and World Wars I & II, the wars in Bosnia and the violence between the Irish and English.

There were blacks who owned slaves. And I'm sure at some point, a black man in the Confederacy fired a gun at a Union soldier. But black slaveowners and black Confederate soldiers are statistically insignificant to the stories of slavery, based on white supremacy, and the Civil War.

I think you make the mistake that many people make today- you try to understand the present without understanding the past.

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Well, "Wow" to you, too. I understand both the present and the past indeed - and people are people. They'll do WHATEVER to get over. NOT all people, but ENOUGH. I don't care what color their skin is, but I'm black, so I'm saying what I know about SOME black people. I know there's bad people in EVERY race.

I'm a tad bit tired of people right now, if one hasn't noticed... :-/

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And let's not forget there were Black slave owners and traders as well. Let the liberals play a race card on that one.
It's amazing what people think is clever.

So there were black slaveowners. Obviously that means that slavery was ok? Or that whites are unfairly blamed for there being slavery in the U.S.?

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baeksu


So there were black slaveowners. Obviously that means that slavery was ok?
That's called a "False dichotomy". Do you have any valid replies to offer or are fallacies your only weapon?

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I've see the man who "re-enacts" the Black Confederate Soldier. Yes, there may have been individual moments when a body servant or other negro on the southern side fired a gun at the north but the reality is the southern government was too terrified of slave insurrection to arm them. Lee knew that the south was severely deficient in numbers of able bodied men and lobbied for black regiments but not until early 1865 did the southern government relent. There were black troops being trained in Richmond when it fell to the North.

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And let's not forget there were Black slave owners and traders as well.

Larry Koger wrote an excellent book on black slaveowners-it's available at Amazon. One of the points he makes, and I believe it's a very valid one, is that there were black slaveowners because the institution of slavery was such a powerful one that most people in the south thought it was right to use slavery as a means of making money. In other words, slavery was such a strong base to the economy that people of all colors deferred to it and defended it. Looked at in that light, it's not hard to believe that there were probably a number of blacks who preferred the status quo and tried to defend it.

http://thinkingoutloud-descartes.blogspot.com/

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[deleted]

Thanks Karneda for bringing this up!! I had no idea...well really I'd never thought of searching for this topic until I saw your question/post on here. I would assume the black men that fought for the confederate army were either forced or they were treated well (as well as slaves were to be treated) and felt fearful of freedom since they mostly were illiterate, and had no job training or skills. That's just my observation and opinion, not trying to sound racist or anything like that.

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