OK, so after carefully re-watching the film yesterday, I made some fundamental errors in attempting to understand this entire issue. I agree with "alex_nox2"'s concept of the personnel code numbers being linked to individuals. Crucially, this is the primary piece of information that the Ministry utilized to wrongfully arrest Buttle.
Information Retrieval receives the detention form containing the misspelled Buttle surname intended for Tuttle. Tuttle's personnel code number on the misspelled form remains unchanged and Information Retrieval incorrectly assumes Buttle matches with the personnel code number. Evidently, no cross-referencing of the personnel code number with the individual's name to ensure accuracy ever occurs. Ultimately, it is purely coincidence - however unlikely - that the misspelled form listed Buttle instead of Tuttle. One can see the potential plot obstacles if the spelling change of Tuttle to Buttle was altered to anything else; one might imagine that if the surname was misspelled as anything else, the Buttle family would immediately challenge the arrest on the grounds of personnel misidentification by Information Retrieval. I could envisage Buttle screaming at the black-clad intruders who have just stormed his residence: “But I am Archibald BUTTLE, not this other person you’re looking for. Look at my identification card”. Such a possibility would potentially have changed Buttle's fate entirely for the better but also undermined the film’s narrative premise of blundering bureaucracy.
So, Information Retrieval arrives at Buttle's address and arrests him. In the same scene, we also hear the Department of Work, who are operating on Buttle's damaged ceiling, state that they believe they are repairing Tuttle's ceiling. The implication is that there is conflict regarding the personnel identities linked to the address, likely due to the lack of cross-referencing personnel code numbers with personnel details, and further suggests that Information Retrieval has indeed received the misspelled detention form.
Later at the Department of Records, Kurtzman attempts to record Buttle's arrest information on his computer from another form, presumably generated from Information Retrieval’s own erroneous record, and encounters an error after he types Buttle's name followed by the associated personnel code number that obviously belongs to Tuttle. Kurtzman calls in Lowry to address the error. Lowry observes the mismatch between Buttle and the personnel code number of Tuttle, and he states that a charge of 36 pounds 1 pence was incorrectly debited against Buttle's account in lieu of Tuttle's. This charge appears to have occurred upon/during Buttle's arrest.
I'm unclear about what Lowry states next. He notes that “Expediting” has put in for “electrical procedures” in respect to Buttle, but that “Security” has invoiced “Admin” for Tuttle. Maybe this is just further exposition to explain the nature of the personnel code mismatch. Do the charges for “electrical procedures” pertain to the Department of Work's earlier repairs to Buttle's ceiling or a separate charge? Is the “Security”-issued invoice the same charge, or does it pertain to the 36 pounds 1 pence charge that Lowry initially mentions or something entirely separate? I'm particularly unclear as to the first question because, as previously mentioned, one Department of Work employee states that he believes he is working on Tuttle's ceiling - not Buttle's... I don’t feel I’m able to draw a definitive conclusion based on the information Lowry mentions so it bugs me.
Finally, a refund cheque of 36 pounds 1 pence made out to Buttle arrives at the Department of Records, and Kurtzman again calls in Lowry to assist. The cheque can't be credited to Buttle as he has been entirely removed from the Ministry of Information's records. Lowry deduces he has been killed. I assume that upon Buttle's arrest he was charged the 36 pounds 1 pence and then, through some cross-referencing system independent of Information Retrieval, the mismatch between Buttle's personnel details and the personnel code number of Tuttle was recognized and the incorrectly issued charge refunded. I only hypothesise the involvement of an independent department/alternative system as whilst there is an obvious recognition of the erroneous charge - unlikely behaviour given what we’ve previously witnessed from Information Retrieval - there is also an apparent ignorance of Buttle’s wrongful arrest in the first place - the vagaries of bureaucracy at the heart of Brazil, ha!
I think that is as clear as I understand it. Goes to show how simply re-watching the film in question can clear up a swathe of subjective misinterpretations, ha! My only other gnawing, original question, that I don't believe is ever explicitly addressed, is why in the typewriter scene do the Ministry records list Buttle's personnel details as Tuttle's in the first place?
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