Re: Execution Video


A variety of sources said that the execution video came from footage that Antonioni said he received and could not divulge the source of (which, by the way, contradicts IMDB's explanation about the actual shooting of the footage by Antonioni).I am sceptical about this.

Does anyone have further thoughts or information on this? I suspect it was shot by Antonioni (the presence of water etc.) and I suspect that the scene is actually staged. First, the director would have been investigated by a variety of police agencies if he either had shot or was given an execution video (or would he have? I don't know the legal claims about this, for example I remember Vietnam footage being discussed which involves the shooting of someone).

Antonioni is usually not known as a trickster figure, but he could be ironic, mysterious and withholding in interviews (probably because he thought he was far cleverer than his interlocutors, usually true). I do think it odd that most people have taken his word on this.

The placing of the execution video within the film and the actions that happen in it are highly significant to the film as a whole. The reason I bring this topic up is it seems highly indicative of the usual discussions about Antonioni: a superficial reading quickly gives way to consensus and shrouds the more problematic and mysterious points of the film.

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In Jack Nicholson's commentary for the film, which will be on the DVD release, he says that it's actual footage from a execution which was given to Antonioni from "documentary sources".

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Have you been able to get a preview copy of the DVD, NosferaDrew? I'm sure Nicholson's commentary will be interesting.

I'm hesitant, though, to endorse Nicholson's view as authoritative because he may either not know and is repeating things second-hand or wishes to keep the Antonioni version of documentary sources. Nicholson charms many, but I don't feel he's necessarily the best at scholarly rigour!

I saw the Passenger (again!) last night at a local revue theatre and a few things struck me about the execution video:

1. Its placement (as Martin Walsh in eJump Cut points out) is brilliant (right after the old man in the Umbraculo and just before Rachel Locke says she's had enough at Martin's Moviola screening).

2. The hands lifted in prayer by the person executed ties in well with all the religious imagery in the movie (Locke's salaam position in the desert, the Munich church, [Arrowsmith is particularly good on this]).

3. The green and white stripes on the barrels perfectly rhyme with the stripes on the trees when the Girl/Schneider looks back in the white car.

4. The crowd scene is shot in such a way that only a hundred extras need to have been used.

It would have to be either amazingly serendipitous that raw footage would blend in with Antonioni or he himself shot it.


I don't think it's decisive that it was not documentary footage, but there is enough about the execution video to make me think it was acted out and not filmed as it was happening. Why Antonioni would want to do this brings up the question about artifice and reality; reportage and actuality, frequent themes in his films.

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Those are well reasoned, thoughtful observations, but all I know is what Nicholson said in the commentary.

To paraphrase, he said something to the effect that, "Antonioni called me and said, "Jack, we have some difficult film to look at". He wanted me to help him go through some footage of a bunch of executions."

I believe Jack also makes a comment about how if Antonioni had staged an execution, it would look nothing like the one in the film.
I'll go back and listen to how he says it, but it's something like "This is nothing like Antonioni would shoot. The angle is all wrong".

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Thanks, NosferaDrew. This is an informative reply. Having Jack Nicholson quoting Antonioni seems to favour Antonioni procuring an execution video. As does the virtual unanimity of previous scholars on Antonioni. However, Nicholson's remembrances, not to mention his camera knowledge, may be scanter than you allow for. As is the point about whether Antonioni actually would be straight with Nicholson.

One possibility is that Antonioni selected the most Antonioniesque sequence from an earlier video.

However, I still am not convinced that this is the case. Beyond repeating my previous suggestions (legality of, rhyming with previous sequences, ease of creation), I would say that the execution video is very important to the movie as a whole for revealing the secret violence, as Antonioni often referred to it, in as graphic a way as possible (with the exception of the blurring after he is shot).

Obviously, it is highly problematic to use actual execution footage. And the sensational nature of it is a very pointed comment on the journalistic ethics of Locke. Whether something like this would have actually aired on the BBC in the early 1970s is an interesting question. I assume no.

So I return to my thesis that Antonioni himself shot the video and then, for obscure reasons, perhaps to do with the whole theme of revolution and death in the movie, pretended it had been procured.

Antonioni is a showman and he inserted a disturbing video in the middle of the film in the same way as he is related to have suppressed plot elements of Blow-Up, according to Peter Bowles.

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I just saw this sequence in the film and I very much wish it were "staged" but I know it was not. The victim seemed so earily calm, as if he were excepting his fate, especially at the beginning of the sequence when he was speaking to the man in white. When he was shot, there were no dramatic convulsions, he hardly looked as if he were in pain. This was the most disturbing aspect of the footage to me; it is an image I will never forget. The person may very well have been a crooked politician, or someone else just as nefarious, but it doesn't seem to lessen the experience for me. In short, it was too, too good of acting for it to have been staged. There was an intangible subtleness and realism that existed that could not have been faked. Moreover, the victim looked like a local, and if Antonioni would have been able to procur such a good actor from such a remote place, I would wonder why he wasn't given international accolades or used in more films by Antonioni and others. If I were a director, I certainly would have done so.

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Whether something like this would have actually aired on the BBC in the early 1970s is an interesting question. I assume no.


Well, there was a famous incident of a prisoner being summarily executed on the streets of Saigon in front of an NBC cameraman and AP photographer Eddie Adams. I'm sure I remember seeing this on TV news at the time (BBC or ITV), though memories can be unreliable 30+ years after the event.

Having said that: I watched the first half of the film last night including the execution sequence, without realising it was possibly genuine footage. If this is really a film of an actual execution I think it's pretty sick to include it in what is ultimately a piece of entertainment.

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Well, there was a famous incident of a prisoner being summarily executed on the streets of Saigon in front of an NBC cameraman and AP photographer Eddie Adams

The Eddie Adams Saigon execution film was actually used in Bob Rafelson's "Head" (starring The Monkees) which Jack Nicholson (co-incidentally?) co-wrote. So there would not seem to be any issues about legality.

It has also certainly been shown on UK television, because I've seen it, although possibly not at the time it was filmed.

I'm not sure about the footage in "The Passenger". I've certainly heard before that it was genuine, although I can't quote chapter and verse. Either way, it fits neatly with the spectator/participant theme and draws us as audience into the equation.



I used to want to change the world. Now I just want to leave the room with a little dignity.

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anyone know why the trees have those white stripes on them?

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I think to stop vehicles driving into them in the dark?

I used to want to change the world. Now I just want to leave the room with a little dignity.

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[deleted]

The two audio commentaries on the DVD (one by screenwriter Peploe, and one by Nicholson) both state that the execution scene is actual documentary footage.

"I did'nt mean to upset you" (Smith, directly after the execution scene)

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You all seem to be very young. I saw the film yesterday. It was a scene of a real execution. I remember seeing this scene in the news in Germany on TV in the late 60s/early 70s. Ans I remember that everybody was shocked.

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I just watched the movie and right off the bat (having grown up in Nigeria) I recognized the execution footage as being from "The Bar Beach Show" which was monthly televised executions of armed robbers on the nations most popular beach --supposedly a deterrent.
My parents generally didn't allow us to watch, but I still managed to sneak in a few when they were out. The executions were usually aired on the last Sunday afternoon of the month, and I believe the one in the film might be of the nefarious "Dr. Oyewole" whose 'juju' made him impervious to bullets. According to the myth, the bullets failed to kill him, they had to take him to a nearby hospital and cut him open.

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Thanks. Your explanation certainly has the ring of truth. There's a rational argument for public executions, and I can undestand Nigeria's wanting to make them as "public" as possible by broadcasting them on TV. I can understand how parents wouldn't let their kids watch. On the other hand, parents with problem children might want to make them watch.

This is the first time I've seen the movie, yet I recognize the execution. I think if one wanted to spend some time, they might be able to come up with the specifics.

Again, thanks for the very interesting explanation.


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The footage is real and does, as you note, come from one of the "Bar Beach Show" executions.

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I don't see how there can be any doubt over whether this was a real execution or not. Nobody has ever staged an execution for a movie as real as this one. If it is staged, then the director has seen at least one real firing squad execution in his time (or other real footage) and was very meticulous with his direction.

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I appreciate the confirmations of the reality of the documentary. It's truly horrible that it is real(or so people seem to remember), though, I can't imagine how this could have been faked; its simply too real. Though I think I have a fairly decent tolerance for disturbing images, I could barely look. I'm not sure if I've ever been so affected before by something I've seen in a film.

In response to the question about the painted trees: I believe it is used as a deterrent for pests or disease. It seems to me that the trees are of a certain variety native to warmer climates. I've seen them often throughout my life. Whenever I've asked the purpose of the white paint, I've always been told it had to do with protecting against bugs or diseases common to the tree, or something along those lines.


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So I have a snuff in my DVD collection.... It's a quite disgusting fact.
Michelangelo had not good taste to insert it.

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It's not the artist's responsibility to protect your delicate sensibilities, perhaps he was trying to tell you something by including the authentic footage?...

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gigizirotti:
it's not a snuff film. a snuff film is not film footage in which someone dies - it is film footage that was shot of someone dying expressly for the commercial purpose of selling said footage. this footage is, as everyone has discussed, 'documentary' in nature - one poster has said it comes from nigerian government deterrent television. another poster said nicholson thought antonioni got it from a documentary source. whatever the case, it was inserted into an entertainment, but not filmed for entertainment or commercial purposes. the person executed had nothing to do with the marketing of the film or entertaining of the audience. not snuff.

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You can see footage of another execution at the same location, and in exactly the same manner, here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zl2b7o3Aopo

I believe both are authentic, and come from Nigeria, where they were televised.

Petros
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