There's obviously a strong biblical undercurrent running throughout the film, so the four Masters could be the four major Prophets of the Old Testament: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel.
They could also represent the four major religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. The film is definitely anti religion, by its iconography and by Jodorowsky's own admission, so it makes sense to me that the four Masters that El Topo must overcome could represent mainstream and organized religion.
Of course, they could also represent the four major Evangelists of the New Testament: Mark, Matthew, Luke and John.
There's also to consider the four stages of operation to complete the Great Work within alchemy, each marked by a color: Nigredo (black), Albedo (White), Citrinitas (yellow) and finally culminating with Rubedo (red).
Also, in Egyptian mythology (which through syncretism, Christianity stole for their model of the four Evangelists), Horus has four sons, each representative of different aspects of the Self.
Four is a very mystical number, it represents completion. In any mystical or religious system, you will always find every aspect marked by it. Anything grouped in fours is a religious universal symbol.
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