I am not talking about storytelling or structure so much as ambience. What other movies feature a similar visual sense and eerie dreamlike quality? I am looking for things with otherwordly, but beautiful landscapes that seem to draw inspiration from traditional Eastern art. I am also looking for that dislocating sense of dread that seems to present in every frame of Kaidan.
Akira Kurosawa's "Kagemusha" has a dream sequence that is very similar. The story is different but both Kurosawa and the director of "Kaidan" entered the industry as painters, so you would be able to notice the similarities in their style. "Kaidan" is a great film and certain scenes reminded me a lot of that dream sequence in Kagemusha. Hope that helps :)
The working man is tough. Your father's the tough guy! - A Bronx Tale
I may well be in the minority here though I was enthralled by Akira Kurasawa's "Dreams". Admittedly it has not stood up over repeated viewings and the involvement of Industrial Light, etc. detracts from the "Kurasawaness" of it. Nevertheless, I still strongly recommend it.
Mizoguchi's "Ugetsu Monogatari" is an obvious choice since it is a Japanese ghost story. The silvery-gray cinematography throughout (thanks to the incomparable Kazuo Miyagawa) and ethereal quality of the picture add to the ghostly atmosphere. Add to that the performances of Machiko Kyo and Masayuki Mori (major players at the time) and this one is definately worthy of anyone's Netflix queue.
"Ryu-san, you don't quite look your character's age."
Ugetsu and Oyu Sama, both by Kenji Mizoguchi, are similar, particularly the former. They're the only Mizoguchis I've seen so presumably others are also similar. You could also try Kihachiro Kiwamoto's short animations.
Some western films with similarities:
Whistle and I'll Come to You The Innocents Belle du Jour Come and See The Sacrifice The Seventh Seal
Others have mentioned great Japanese ghost tales like Kuroneko, Onibaba, and Ugetsu and I'll strongly second those suggestions. To those films I would also add Jigoku. The last twenty minutes of that film contain some of the most mind-blowing images ever committed to celluloid.