MovieChat Forums > The 300 Spartans Discussion > 300 Spartans, but 7,000 Greeks.

300 Spartans, but 7,000 Greeks.


While there were 300 Spartans at the pass at Thermopylae, there were 7,000 Greeks in total. The film drastically underrepresents Greek numbers in order to make the stand seem more heroic than it was.

I'm not sure if I should submit this as a historical goof. I don't recall if the movie ever said how many Greeks were actually present. But the film is intentionally misleading on this point.

One the third day, when they were outflanked by the enemy, the Spartans dismissed their allies and prepared for a last stand. 700 Thespians insisted on staying with them and died along with the Spartans. Since they made a larger sacrifice, at least in terms of numbers, perhaps this film really should be called "700 Thespians."

The film doesn't ask this, but what's so heroic about dying pointlessly anyway? Sure it took lots of courage, and it's in keeping with the romantic Spartan warrior ethic, but for those of us who have an entirely unromantic and unsentimental view of war, the idea of men queueing up to die when they don't have to and when the battle is already lost strikes me as idiotic, not heroic.

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The 700 thespians were highly regarded by the spartans following this battle because they made the sacrifice with the Spartans even though they didnt hold the same belief that death in combat was the highest honor a man could recieve. Also the whole spartan army was only a couple thousand people in total, the loss of 300 is a massive problem to the spartans.
And also if you think the idea about dying in combat is stupid than i geuss you just shouldnt watch the movie

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Their deaths were not pointless. Not only did they accomplish the strateigic goal of halting Xerxes' army for days, they managed to all but destroy Persian morale. The thought of losing 20 thousand men to a force of about 5,500 Greeks is a in line with military strategy that is used today.

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300 men( or 100 or 5500)dying "pointlessly" would be ridiculous. However, there was a point and it is why these Spartans and their sacrifice of their most precious commodity, their very lives, is remembered and celebrated 2500 years later. Sparta, along with the other Greek city-states of the period, were "free." Granted their freedom is nothing compared with what we consider freedom today, but it was an ideal that was radically different from that presented by Xerxes and the Persians. The Spartans and assembled Greek forces at Thermopylae were fighting to delay the 250,000 Persian troops while the Greek city-states mobilized to fight the invading Persians. It might be argued that they were prepared to "lose" this battle from the outset so that they could win the larger conflict. But that strategy wasn't even really the point. Nor was winning a war, frankly. The "point" is that the assembled Greeks had families and friends who they believed deserved to continue to live in freedom. The conflict itself wasn't the reason for their actions. They didn't queue up to fight just to fight or die. They did it for the futures of their wives, children, friends and relations. The only way in which that could happen was if the Greeks took up arms and defeated the invaders. (The Persians were not going to be talked out of their plans. Had that been possible I'm sure it would have been pursued. However, Xerxes arriving with 250,000 heavily armed troops indicated that talk was really not his preferred method of conquest.) You may find that stupid. I hope not. I hope you understand the value of the freedoms you enjoy especially within the context of 10,000 years of human history involving lots and lots of hunger, violence, cruelty and fear punctuated here and there with times of relative peace and enlightenment. I hope you also understand how the actions of men and women like those 7,000 Greeks is what has preserved those freedoms and protected those times of peace and enlightenment. You may think them idiotic, but thank goodness they think you're worth fighting for.

One more thing: You will find few people less romantic or sentimental about war than those who are paid to pursue it. No soldier goes to war to die. To paraphrase Patton, "No bastard ever won a war by dying for his country. He won it by making the other poor dumb bastard die for his country."

All the best.

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Awesome.






Say hello to my fast...

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[deleted]

Pointless? Are you serious? I'm sorry you feel that way.

"None of what they did has any everlasting impact on humainity,"

Well... it must have had some impact, we're still talking about it aren't we?

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Pointless????

You got to be kidding. Their actions provided time for the Greeks to ensure that the Persian army would be defeated, not only did they delay them, they inflicted a wound in the Persian army that they could not recover. They paid the ultimate sacrifice for their people, their country, those they loved and the freedom they enjoyed as Greeks.

This is why they are still honored to this day. No one wants to die, even with their culture of an honorable death in battle, no one wants to leave the world and those they love. They died to protect that ideal and those they loved. They were Greeks and no one, not even a king could order them to die, they did it by choice, so that others can live.

Yes, they had 7000 Greeks with but these were not Spartans and they did not live by the upbringing of a Spartan with it's emphasis of the warrior spirit. Sparta is famous for producing the greatest soldiers in history, and these 300 proved their might and training. They did not retreat and they did not surrender, they stood their ground. One thing one must remember is if they didn't do what they did, Greece would fall, so would the idea of Democracy, and that would have impacted history and we would not enjoy it existence today. This may not have been in their vision on that day when they died, but we enjoy their legacy.

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[deleted]

i see this movie tells a good story of courage against overwhelming odds. but see... greece, the cradle of western civilization, fighting terrorist threat coming from the east... sounds familiar...?

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The terrain was a big factor. A narrow pass gets rid of an enemies numerical advantage.

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Like that wasn't obvious. Still, if the persians were equally skilled/geared, the death ratio would've been closer to 1:1 than 1:10 (2,400 to 25,000 according to wikipedia).

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Sparta, along with the other Greek city-states of the period, were "free." Granted their freedom is nothing compared with what we consider freedom today, but it was an ideal that was radically different from that presented by Xerxes and the Persians.


NOT TRUE

NOT TRUE

NOT TRUE

Most of the people fighting at Thermopylae where not from democracies. Most of the men fighting in the battled lived in city states where slaves outnumbered free men. Only two of the representatives that sent soldiers could be considered anything close to democracy... the rest where Monarchies, Diarchies and Oligarchies.

You are literally spreading a falsehood. Sure the Athenians where a democracy but the people fighting at Thermopylae didn't really care about freedom because most of them measured their wealth by the number of slaves they owned.

Thermopylae was about delaying the Persians and had nothing to do with preserving democracy or any other silly notion about freedoms. They where delaying an invader.

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If you read the whole story by Herodotus, there were 7000 Greeks but when Efialtis betrayed them the Greek leader who was the spartan king Leonidas ordered everyone to go. Then only the 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians were left. Nevertheless, the casualties of the Persian army anywhere between 30,000 and 50,000 icluding the "Immortals" (the special forces of the Persians so to say). For a very good article on the subject and further reading, go here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae

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Not only were there 700 Thespians along with the Spartans at the last stand, but also 400 Thebans.
If these Thebans were in the same league as the ones King Philip II and Alexander (The Great) encountered at the Battle of Chaeronea, then the Spartans had some powerful allies.
The Theban Sacred Band might have been even fiercer than the Spartans.
However ... I always feel that soldiers, who sacrifice themselves without having any military benefit, are just immature.
Like when Hector from Troy, the General of the Armies of Troy, accepts one to one combat with Achilles. Talk about not knowing your own value.

Robert

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"Like when Hector from Troy, the General of the Armies of Troy, accepts one to one combat with Achilles. Talk about not knowing your own value."

I believe Hector fought b/c of honor.

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hector never fought for honor, or accepted 1 on 1 combat, he went to go avenge his brother who was killed by achilles, also, he was maddened by a god. also, Hector ran around the walls of troy like 7 times before dying.

to resume the Thermopylea debate, yes, there were many greeks present, and yes, they fouhgt for freedom, and maybe glory. yet, this was but one of the 3 major conflicts. the persian morale was lost after the battle of salamis, where the Athenians ana allies defeated the persian navy, which was around 3 times larger. this surprize defeat led to the largest ever assembled greek force of 35 000 greek hoplites (yes Alexander the greats force was larger, but he was macedonian, not greek), this combined force defeated the relativle small(in comparison) persian force left behind at Platea. this led to the expansion of both democracy and communisism. Athens, the birthplace of democracy, and Sparta, whose way of life is extremly communistic.

If greece was succesfully invaded, then europe would have fallen as well, which leads to a completely diffrent modern world, one that is most liekly despotism.

Get your facts stright dumb ass.

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"Hector ran around the walls of troy like 7 times before dying."
Being chased by Achilles.

"Sparta, whose way of life is extremly communistic."
I think you should put WAS there. I'd like to hear what you mean by this comment simply because Communism is an economic system not a political system. I fail to see how communism could even be spread in a military city state run by two kings. However there is nothing on wikipedia that describes the Spartan economic system. So you could be right about calling it communism but you should say in theory, because communism as a system hadn't been in place yet because it was OH I don't know 1,1338 years before Karl Marx was born.

"If greece was succesfully invaded, then europe would have fallen as well, which leads to a completely diffrent modern world, one that is most liekly despotism."

You really need to back this one up, because how the hell would this war have affected modern Europe, because really the driving force behind modern Europe was the Roman Empire which occured 400 years after this battle. While I don't totally dispute the point, because the Romans were largely influenced by the Greeks politically and had the Romans invaded Greece which would have been ruled by the Persians then yeah maybe the world would be different. But back up what you're trying to say.

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[deleted]

A not on the thebans; They were definetely not better warriors than Leonidas Royal guard. They were forced to stay by the other greek forces, as it was unsure whether Thebes would remain loyal to the greeks or cross over to join Xerxes persian army to spare their city. The 400 thebans were held hostage, a insurance so to speak.

And they surrendered to the persians first chance they got so I guess there was something about the whole "thebes is betraying us!" thing. But I think it unfair that the 700 thespians are so often forgotten and neglected. To them, it was a really unusual thing to willingly die in battle. They were conscripts, normal citizen workers, not bred warriors like the spartans.

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[deleted]

Rome would of never existed if there was no Greece. Firstly, the Greeks colonized all of Southern Italy. When the Latins met the Greeks their whole culture was influenced. Secondly, all the was Roman, the architecture, the art, science,medicine, belief systems were all Greek. They realized it, historians call Rome the greatest Hellenistic experiment, and the Romans said "we conquered them with our army, but we fell to their culture." If there was no Greece, Rome would be influenced by Persia, or some other culture, so European culture would be different. By the way no Hellenism=no Christianity. No fall of Byzantium=no Renessance.

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You sir, are an idiot. I don't think there is enough space here to attempt to clear up your misconceptions. The one that is easiest to disprove is that "No fall of Byzantium = no Renessance (sic)". Byzantium fell to the Turks in 1453. The Renaissance was in full-swing in the 14th century. And lest we forget, the Europeans did a number on Byzantium in 1204.

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"You, sir, are an idiot"? Where you so eager to employ that overused (and no longer witty, if it was upon first conception)phrase that you didn't mind disregarding reason and research?

I think what petros meant about the Renaissance was (by the way, making a point which is widely accepted by historians as a major contributor to the Renaissance) in regards to Byzantine scholars who began fleeing to Italy from the time of the first Ottoman attacks on Constantinople in the 1390's, taking with them numerous ancient Greek writingswhich had hitherto not been translated or studied in the west, where Latin had been more commonly studied.

Maybe he overgeneralized, but why so eager to blatantly insult?

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"You really need to back this one up, because how the hell would this war have affected modern Europe, because really the driving force behind modern Europe was the Roman Empire which occured 400 years after this battle. While I don't totally dispute the point, because the Romans were largely influenced by the Greeks politically and had the Romans invaded Greece which would have been ruled by the Persians then yeah maybe the world would be different. But back up what you're trying to say"

exorcissy72 I have quoted above

Think about it exorcissy - if 250,000 Persians had swamped Greece - who is to say they would not have swamped the rest of Europe and the fledgling Roman civilisation before it kicked off. The Roman model borrowed heavily from the Greek one and if greece was wiped and Persian rule and religion took it over then you basically dont have the sort of model that Rome would have wanted to copy - if it had survived - thus a different Europe would have formed.


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I never said that the statement was flat out wrong. I even said what you just said, but if you're going to make that big of a claim you should back it up with some sort of facts. BUT this is all speculation so it's a moot point anyways. But like I said I never flat out disagreed with what anybody said read what I wrote:

"While I don't totally dispute the point, because the Romans were largely influenced by the Greeks politically and had the Romans invaded Greece which would have been ruled by the Persians then yeah maybe the world would be different."

I say maybe because there's no real sure fire way to be right here of course. I'm sure it would be different.

Also about the Communism as political system. I never said econimics don't influence politics, but communism is an economics system not a political system.

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Okay, so, I know this post is very old and this is not relevant... BUT.... Hector didn't run around the city... unless of course you count being dragged by Achilles' chariot as a form of running.

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Yes he did, he ran around it three times before one of the godess' (cant remember who) appeared as one of his brothers. Then he had to fight and was killed, read the book, don't just watch the film.

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without Greece, there would have been no Greek cultural legacy, no Alexander the Great, no Roman Empire, no existing Greek language to spread the Christian Gospels around the "known world"...

Do basic research on history before you post drivel... Even a freshman course at your local community college covers this much...

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Sir,

In reference to your comment on the largest greek force ever assembled, Macedonians were Greek, just as "Athenians" were Greek, "Spartans" were Greek and so on.

Respectfully,

Hesiodotusreader.

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What are you talking about? Alexander was Greek. It's like saying that Leonidas was not Greek, he was Spartan.

And then, talking about communism 2500 years ago, makes you really ignorant.

Next thing you'll say is that Sparta was a Soviet.

What a moron!!!

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Hello mr Weapons lover. I dont know if anyone has replied to your message but since you seem to know history, please know that Alexander was Greek too and not "Macedonian". Please...

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[deleted]

You obviously learnt history from hollywood. Fortunately, I learnt by reading the original texts.

Hector was tied behind the chariot of Achilles, after Achilles killed him. It was Achilles who went to avenge his best friend patroclus who had been killed by Hector.

Alexander was as Greek as any Macedonian, Thespian, THebean, THessalian or Athenian. He spoke Greek, believed in the Greek gods, participated in the Olympic games, had Aristotle as his tutor, had a greek name (as his mother Olympia and his father Philip). As for the forces amassed, according to Herodotus it was 110,000 greeks and 300,000 persians and allies. THe Greeks had 10,000 casualties, while on the persian side, 43000 survived...It was a slaughter.

Now communism, had nothing to do with sparta and both democracy and communism were not implemented again for more than 2300 years

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pshh that hector thing was probably just glorification, he really died by slipping on a banana.

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Ostensibly, the Spartans were obeying their oath and following the oracle of Delphi (see below). However, it might also have been a calculated strategy to delay the advance of the Persians and cover the retreat of the Greek army. Once the pass was cleared the Persians could use their cavalry to pursue and stop the retreat of the Greek infantry in the more open terrain. The heavily armed Greek infantry could not have outrun Persia's cavalry; once halted in the open, the Greeks could be overwhelmed by superior numbers and a cavalry charge. In fact, with the Persians so close at hand, the decision to stand and fight was probably a tactical requirement only made more palatable by the oracle.
Courtesy of the wiki page on Battle of Thermopylae. Also said on the same article was that the 400 Thebans were made to stay there against their will.

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First, you have no concept of honour.
Second, you have no concept of sacrifice. Many battles and wars as well as social struggles, have been won because some people sacrifices themselves for the good of all. I wouldn't expect you to do so because you can't comprehend what that is. Fortunately, some people are willing to do so.

By dying, these people showed to the rest of the greeks that the massive persian army was not unbeatable. THey also really demoralized the persians and inflicted huge loses on the special forces.

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About Sparta being communist, I disagree. I find them to be more feudal than communist. With three classes in the society, the top class is who we know as the spartans. They only numbered maybe 10,000 max. Then the free second class were the traders, artisans, all the guys who produced the stuff for the society like the weaponry, cooking utensils etc. Then there were the helots who were the slaves of the society. They numbered maybe 100,000. They mainly worked on the farms, producing the food. This society built on class does not sound anything like communism, which is meant to classless. It has alot more in common with feudalistic europe.

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hello guys i am jim from greece. forgive me for my poor english.my town is thessaloniki. (alexanders sister, name). the story of thermopiles is known to us by irodoto most. irodotos was maybe the best historian ever. his nick name is father of history. the greek army in thermopiles at 480 bc. was 10.000 people from all greece. the persian army was about 1.500.000 people and 800 ships. leonidas who was the leader of the greek council deside to have the fight in thermopiles because its very narrow passage there and it can fit only 10 people. thermopiles in english means gates of fire. the passage is the same in our days.
leonidas the year 480 bc was 62 years old. his gear was about 90 pounds. as was of all the spartans soldier. the story of the 300 men was only in the 3rd day of battle and after perses had lost 500.000 men. among them 9.000 of the "immortals" xerxes special royal guards. a traitor named "efialtis" named a passage to xerxes that was lead behind the greek lines. the greeks learnt it but it was too late. the deside to stay 700 thespiois and the royal guard of sparti. they were 300. all of them officers and the king of course. to get in there you must had been officer and have a son so that your name will continue in the future. is known the story of an officer that he wanted to go to thermopiles but his wife had gave him 4 girls. 2 days before the battle she made a boy and he was very happy. he was 55.
among the forces that stay was also 1000 from thiba that leonidas made them stay by force. they didnt fight and surronder to the perses at the end. so the were 300 spartans and 700 thespiois. but all we remebmer spartans for many reasons. one is how they ferrocius the fight was to recover the dead body of their king leonidas 2 hours before the battle ends. it is said that it was only one survivor who stay alive for 6 weeks in xerses tent.

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i think so that it wont be in the whole history a battle more glorius than thermopiles. it is just the rule for all battles of world for many reasons. for the heroism for the cause of the fight (freedom) and many others. now if some of you dont find heroic that 1000 stay and fight against a million people i dont have to say to you anything. only that... you maybe thing heroic the slaugter of the indians (who was the original natives and owners of america) from the "cowboys". you maybe thing heroic CORTEZ and his slaugter against the mayans and the inkas who were the creators of a glorius civilazation. the only thing you just cant said is simply that the greeks whover "f...s" with them is getting pinned down. see the perses with leonidas and alexander see the ottoman with the revolution of 1821 see the italians with 1940 see the nazi at 1944. we are the spirit of fight.

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Greece as a lot to proud of in history, it's true. Cortez and the indian genocide is not the stuff i'd be proud of if I were american or spanish, but it's a part of history and must be accepted. That being said, I cant condone with your nationalist tone. Nationalism or patriotism are some of the lowest, most base instincts which has survived to this day from our primordial time.

The loyalty to your group or tribe, and the degradation and need to surpass all other groups. This animosity is useless in the modern days of cultures melding and blending together. Actually, nationalism will only bring unjust suffering in our future. The process of cultures and ethnic groups blending and mixing to ultimately one group cannot be altered or reversed. Nor should it.

I would not project my pride on military history. Anybody can fight, but not all can think. Greece was a great pioneer of democracy, evolvement, philosophy and modern natural science. It's a pity to see how you've stagnated, and fallen from former grace. It reminds me of Islam and their fall.

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The Greeks have not fallen. In my theory, they have had so many wars in the past, that the nation has become pacifist in time. They have fought their share of wars. Enough is enough

"I won't say a single solitary slovo unless I have my lawyer here. I know the law, you bastards"

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[deleted]

It took me 17 years (I'm only 18 now) to realize that countries should only exist in sporting events and beauty pageants ideally.


From my youth (back when I was still in China) I was drilled with an idea of "the unity and strength of the Chinese people" and all the rest of it. But when you think about it logically, most nations in this world, is not, one culture, one race, one group, striving to help each other. It's a group of races gradually assimilated by one expansionist culture, forcibly and sometimes even militarily. One a clump of interacting cultures and ideologies, one will stand out and begin to mercilessly assimilate all others. In Asia it's China, in Eastern Europe it's Russia, and basically every European power and Japan have had a shot at it as well.

Nationalism and patriotism is dangerous, it's what makes people loyal and carry out actions unquestioningly. We would not go to war and slay fellow human beings so heedlessly if it wasn't for the mentality that it's for the good of our country. Think about Rome, think about how stupid the entire system was, to plunge the entire world into darkness for the glory of one city.


We like to think, using a cold war mentality, that the Greeks were the paragons of defenders of freedom. But really, it was one (albeit more aggressive) culture coming to clashes with another. None of the greek cultures exactly coexisted with surrouding cultures. The Sparta Empire (lead by Sparta) and the Delian League (lead by Athens) plunged Greece into war. In that case Sparta and Athens were the two expansionist cultures.

All in all, for one group which are more successful economically and militarily to assimilate or influence another, it's been around forever. But this has got to change, especially in today's world of power projection and massive military and economic capabilties, we can't allow this to go on anymore. Tear down this antiquarian and dangerous mentality, and create a truly cosmopolitan universal brotherhood/sisterhood of coexisting cultures.

It's a vague, unattainable dream, but it can start with us no longer holding mindless nationalism and the assimilation of one culture over another in a positive light.




Of course, not saying that the battle of Thermopylae wasn't damn inspiring. Welcome to my duality. On one hand I like the excitement of wars and conflicts, but we can't allow this to cloud our judgement and humanity.

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[deleted]

[deleted]

Rome brought the Renaissance? No the fall of Byzantium did. The former western part of thje empire fell, was in a dark age, the Greek east was the most advanced area in the world. When the east fell the inteligensia escaped the Turks and went to the west.

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Think about Rome, think about how stupid the entire system was, to plunge the entire world into darkness for the glory of one city.


Actually it was after ROmes fall that Europe went into the Dark ages.

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[deleted]

first of all, excuse my bad english
second: history is written by victors. you should never belive everything you read, especially when it comes to ancient writings. i know you like patriotic stories, but you have to discern the real facts from the legends. you say that 7000 greeks fought against one million and a half persians. moreover, those 7000 greeks killed a half a million men, in a couple of days. dude, do you have any ideea how a pile of 500.000 corpses looks like? and you are the one who said that the pass is narrow, to fit only 10 people...not to mention how many people each greek soldier had to kill, to reach that numbers. or maybe they were armed with laser guns and atomc bombs.
i admit that the persians were superior in numbers, but the size of the persian army should be somewere around 50.000 men, including auxilliaries, who didn't fought. it was impossible in those days to gather huge armyes and carry them around the world, cross them lots of rivers without bridges, feed all those people and horses, forge them weapons, etc. 50.000 seems realistic, and i guess only 20.000 would actualy be in the first line to take the beating. at least that's how i see it.

p.s. this is a reply to this http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055719/board/reply/57421134

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Ah, a bit of reality injected into this sea of hype. Who are they kidding? An army of millions? There probably weren't a million people in all of Persia 480 B.C.

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Yes, the whole world was 10.000 people.

Did you read that somewhere before you posted this?

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persia was the world power the persian empire streched from ethiopia to iran which was the whole civilized world how many people do you think were in the world then less then 1,000,000?

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first of all theres a story in the talmud of a roman genaral who killed 50,000 people on one stone andin the story of hannuka tha macabees war 5 brothers against the whole greek army and they won the war so it is possable for so little people to kill so many

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Accepted estimates from historians number the Persians between 200,000 minimum and 5 million maximum, with 500K-1 mil being the likely number on field at Thermopylae.

The Greeks numbering 7000 inflicted between 30-50K casualties, which is 4-7 kills per man. Perfectly reasonable.

At the time, a typical casualty rate was 5%. 10-15% casualties was significantly higher than acceptable, especially in a force that was largely undefeated to that time.

I'd like to know what your "realistic" assumptions are based on. There have been literally hundreds of man years of study devoted to this event.

http://www.MichaelZWilliamson.com

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You are judging events of the ancient past by the views you hold in the present. Dying gloriously in battle was the only way to attain immortality in legend. Worked out well for Leonidas so far! There was no heavenly afterlife outside the ghostly existence in Hades. The world the ancient Greeks lived in was so vastly different from anything you can imagine. Read and study the Iliad.

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I read it in ancient Greek what about you.

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[deleted]

Owned. What do you mean by reading it in "ancient" Greek. As opposed to "modern" Greek?? Is there a difference?

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[deleted]

"I live in the city with the third largest Greek population in the world.
Youve never met a people with a bigger herd mentality or chip on the shoulders."

Isn't that a nice thing to say and a wonderful generalisation to make and so off-topic as my compatriots' avid and rarely if ever backed up avid nationalism?

There has been a number of off-topics remarks I would love to answer but that would be off-topic too (I just couldn't resist replying to the quoted remark, sorry).

The 700 Thespians still suffer the same injustice they've always had; they were not professional soldiers, they had no "on your shield or with your shield" to "hamper" their retreat yet they stayed and died.

As to the numbers; The English wiki article on the subject does a very good job "rationalising" them.

If we accept that the Greeks were not 1000 but 5000 throughout the battle however, unless we want to dismiss the whole (hi)story about the Persian invasion they were vastly outnumbered

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Yea, Ancient Greek and modern Greek are different languages. They're kind of similar, but definately distinct from one another. I took Ancient Greek in high school and it's quite different from modern.

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Well, that is an oversimplification. I never took ancient greek but knowing the modern greek very well (both etymologically and syntactically) allows me to fully understand ancient greek texts of the Hellenistic period. Going back to the classical period, I understand about 90% while in the Iliad and the Odyssey (written in the archaic period) I understand less than 80%. In the eyes of a well read greek-speaker, ancient and modern greek is the same language.

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Greek language history. ;-)

* Mycenaean Greek: the language of the Mycenaean civilization. It is recorded in the Linear B script on tablets dating from the15th or 14th century BC onwards.
* Classical Greek (also known as Ancient Greek): In its various dialects was the language of the Archaic and Classical periods of Greek civilization. It was widely known throughout the Roman empire. Classical Greek fell into disuse in western Europe in the Middle Ages, but remained officially in use in the Byzantine world, and was reintroduced to the rest of Europe with the Fall of Constantinople and Greek migration to Italy.
* Hellenistic Greek (also known as Koine Greek): The fusion of various ancient Greek dialects with Attic (the dialect of Athens) resulted in the creation of the first common Greek dialect, which became a lingua franca across the Mediterranean region. Koine Greek can be initially traced within the armies and conquered territories of Alexander the Great, but after the Hellenistic colonisation of the known world, it was spoken from Egypt to the fringes of India.
* Medieval Greek: The continuation of Hellenistic Greek during medieval Greek history as the official and vernacular language of the Byzantine Empire, and continued to be used until, and after the fall of that Empire in the 15th century. Also known as Byzantine Greek.
* Modern Greek or Romeika: Stemming independently from Koine Greek, Modern Greek usages can be traced in the late Byzantine period (as early as 11th century).

Two main forms of the language have been in use since the end of the medieval Greek period: Dhimotikí (Δημοτική), the Demotic (vernacular) language, and Katharévusa (Καθαρεύουσα), an imitation of classical Greek, which was used for literary, juridic, administrative and scientific purposes during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This diglossia problem was brought to an end in 1976 (act (νόμος) 306/1976), when Dhimotikí was declared the official language of Greece.

In the meantime, both forms of Greek had naturally converged and Standard Modern Greek (Κοινή Νεοελληνική â€” Common Modern Greek), the form of Greek used for all official purposes and in education in Greece today, emerged.

It has been claimed that an "educated" speaker of the modern language can understand an ancient text, but this is surely as much a function of education as of the similarity of the languages.

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What do you mean by reading it in "ancient" Greek. As opposed to "modern" Greek?? Is there a difference?


Was this a serious question? Modern languages are never the same as ancient languages. How easy is it for you to read Beowulf in the original Old English?

An excerpt:
Him þa ellenrof andswarode,
wlanc Wedera leod, word æfter spræc,
heard under helme: "We synt Higelaces
beodgeneatas; Beowulf is min nama.
Wille ic asecgan sunu Healfdenes,
mærum þeodne, min ærende,
aldre þinum, gif he us geunnan wile
þæt we hine swa godne gretan moton."

- Kef

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Well rest of the greeks fought another battle. Spartans were defending flank or something like that. Im sure

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[deleted]

Its amazing to me how this all sounds so Greek to me.

I am looking forward to see how mankind as whole will be looked back on after 100 years of the nonsense that goes on globally with racism, ideology and religion. For so many who know so much we sure are going no where fast.

Maybe those 300 knew something we don't know today...you're not truly free until you're dead. Until then...






Say hello to my fast...

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(dcrespo7)
[[ Its amazing to me how this all sounds so Greek to me.

I am looking forward to see how mankind as whole will be looked back on after
100 years of the nonsense that goes on globally with racism, ideology and
religion. For so many who know so much we sure are going no where fast.

Maybe those 300 knew something we don't know today...you're not truly free
until you're dead. Until then...

Say hello to my fast... ]]

Because they said that we all are going to be one race, it will be not true.
Multiculturalism of persians is the same bull**** that today's western society is trying to impose on civilization. They are killing diversity in human species like species itself. Those who died for their homeland where not lemings neither coach potatoes like you.

And for those sweet bastard that try to fit the history with their stupidity and mannered actions and thinking just remember that europa will remaing until they died by blood poisoning ¿or not?.

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Its funny because history is repeated in every pocket of the planet. Whether the reason is political freedom, religious freedom or freedom in itself by no means does it make it so. Case in point...

( (They are killing diversity in human species like species itself. Those who died for their homeland where not lemings neither coach potatoes like you. ) )


Don't really understand how a 'lemming' or a 'couch potato' strengthens your point but I do agree human diversity is exploited daily. Asia with dehumanization of women (human rights usually). Europe and their football scavenging of the poor (how many Italians star for Milan, Inter or Juve as to foreigners and how do the nationals feel about that) or even France 'suggesting assimilation to all immigrants. Of course America and how democracy is the best form of government for all to adopt.

The problem, I think, no one wants to give nothing. Your pride, your culture, music and everything that makes you proud of who you are. Modern Greeks are allowed to jokingly say, "say any word and I prove to you it originated in Greece."

There is a beginning and history records them but the endings somehow seem to attract more. How? 300 Spartans fought off would be occupiers. History clearly dictates that this type of 'negotiation' would be normal. How? Well read into every nation's history and we will see some bloke spoke with another dude and some homie decided to take over a piece of something because we think we know better and it happens today...still. No? Yugoslavia, USSR and even maybe Somalia.

What's my point? Hell if I know but history has told us what to do so we continue to do so.





Say hello to my fast...

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I absolutely agree with you. There have been many great warriors in history, some never lost a battle (look at the Mongols with Temujin or Tamerlan or the Huns with Attila). Nevertheless, nobody remembers them because they didn't leave any culture behind them. WInning battles doesn't do anything to humanity. Cultural, scientific and artistic development does; and this can only be achieved with co-operation.

As for the numbers they might be exaggerated but they are obviously quite close to the truth. The huge Persian empire was invading the tiny Greece with myriads of untrained soldiers against professionals. If they wanted to have even one chance of succeding in their offensive, they'd have to be at least 20 times more than the defenders.

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Jstok is also leaving out the part where IF the spartans had not fought, we would all be speaking persian today...so i'd say a sacrifice like that is deservant of praise regardless.

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Don't believe anything by Herodotus. You may as well believe all of Iliad and The Odyssey and that painting of Washington crossing the Delaware.

If there were 7000 Greeks ( I believe there were about 2000 soldiers in all) that's still a small number compared to a couple hundred thousand invaders.

On a side note: I believe Hector fought honorably. he was the only one from Iliad who I believe did. To say he fought 'for' honor is to say he enjoyed fighting. it was more of a necessity for him to protect his home.

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You're obviously completely ignorant concerning history and poetry. Iliad and Odyssey are epic poems. Herodotus was the first man who attempted to write history. Just try and read it.

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gryspnik wrote: You're obviously completely ignorant concerning history and poetry. Iliad and Odyssey are epic poems. Herodotus was the first man who attempted to write history. Just try and read it

That is so funny! I thought those names were myths! Bless public school systems and their quest to keep us stupider! See, that's not even a word! lol


Say hello to my fast...

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i must say that after reading some of these comments which went from a historical report to an all out national attack i feel that there are a lot of things that people don't undestand here....

first of all all this talk about how you shouldn't be proud of battles etc... people need to understand the difference between ancient civillisations and modern ones and the concept of war as a state of honour and for protecting freedom and obviously for territorial reasons...

second of all, the history of a nation is what shapes its futures and inspires its common inhabitants therefore you can't tell the greeks or the romans that they can't quote or be proud of their history since most of the modern world is still made up of ideals they invented and constituted thousands of years ago.....

thirdly many people seem to link patriotism and extreme nationalism. this is totally wrong. being patriotic is by no means harmful- loving your country and being prepered to defend it is what has kept many countries 'alive' till today. Extreme nationalism is a concept that has become incredibly harmful in the last centuries-especially this last one- but there is a huge difference between being patriotic and being extrememly nationalistic (sadly, this brings modern America to mind).

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A very interesting read and agree with the points made but apparently patriotism and nationalism are sort of 'eye of the beholder'. Your third point struck an accord with me and as I think about it, its disturbingly true. So it seems.

I love history because an event had taken place and the end result is there to be seen for all. Whether man chooses to learn from it or not can only show in time. Not that I am an expert in history, the love for one's culture, family and country is strong. World cup and Olympics come to mind.

People can't understand the difference between ancient and modern civilizations because sadly, its about the now and not the then. Wars and battles were considered such honorable actions and to risk life so that your fellow man could live free was greatly appreciated. Today its more detested and frowned upon. Sure not all would agree but in modern politics its about power and swaying the people. How that hasn't changed.

American culture has different heroes. Gangsters, cowboys and rock stars and I am sure there are some Americans that read Thomas Hobbs and visit the Philadelphia Pharmacy Museum but in the marketing giant that the world has become, 300 will most likely be the 'true story' and not actually read the true documented stories.

Personally, America is desperate for a hero like Kennedy and the closest was Guiliani.






Say hello to my fast...

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Go tell the Spartans,
Thou who passest by
That here, true to their beliefs
We lie.


Said to be written on a monument at Thermopolae. And before you all get your knickers in a twist with the translation.... there are many versions. Translation is 75% opinion.
(e.g. Oppenheimers quote should not have been .. "I am becme death,destroyer of worlds." .. other translations of that Hindu script read... "I am Time, Destroyer of all things." Which is a passable rendering of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics also).

Regardless of all this....

There is possibly more myth than history in this whole event, but it has stirred the imagination for several millenia. However you look at it, it's a god story.

I hope this new version '300' doesn't frack it all up.

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..... good story. (so much for cheap keyboards and bad typing).

:-)

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<<I hope this new version '300' doesn't frack it all up.>>

I have to say that after seeing the trailers, I'm not feeling enthralled enough to see the new movie. I'm a huge GB fan, but the whole thing looks unreal and surrealistic. The computer graphics look too obvious to me. They don't seem as seamless as they have in other pictures I've seen.

Even though I thought the acting a bit stilted in the '62 version, it's still a movie I'll stop to watch if I see it on the tube.

It's the story itself that fascinates me, regardless as to the extent of how true or false it is. History IS written by the conqueror, and history is eventually exaggerated in many instances at some point in time. But that's one of the things that makes history so fascinating for me, because despite all the evidence there is for us to examine, we're not examining it with the eyes of someone who actually lived in that time period, so IMHO there's going to be some distortion there, whether our personal perspective is rooted in a different religion, value system or belief structure.

My limited study of this time period has left me with the impression that these men chose to die not simply because they were gaining the Greek states(cities) time to unite, and because they had homes and families to protect. My thought is that for them retreating would be the same thing as surrender. Surrender generally meant execution or slavery if I recall correctly. Which would be worse for a free man in that time period? Guess it would depend on the individual. BUT, *smile* if I were a man, and I had to choose in a battle like this. I sure as hell wouldn't surrender. I'd go down fighting, just in the hope that I might actually live to tell the tale. If I died, it would be better than living the rest of my days as a slave. *smile* But then I'm responding as an individual from the future, not as someone living in Ancient Greece.

Needless to say, this entire discussion has been really interesting to read.

www.monicaburns.com www.monicaburns.blogspot.com
Obsession, NCP, 10/06

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