MovieChat Forums > Psycho (1960) Discussion > Understanding Psycho: The Uncanny

Understanding Psycho: The Uncanny


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FMkGEZP3w0

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Thanks for the heads-up Gubbio. The vid. essay is solid. I agree with her basic thesis that Marion & Norman are importantly twinned. I find some of the key ideas she gets from Psychoanalysis & from Zizek - i.e., how she works out the twinning - to be a bit strained & strictly optional. E.g., Identifying Marion with the daytime world and Norman with the night-time world is a little odd. Then using the Mobius strip image to get them back together again... well, why separate them in the first place? But most of the vid's best ideas & observations can be restated without the Uncanny or Zizek.

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Marion looked rushed in all her scenes, never relaxed or at ease. Her paranoia would later be justified, though famously from the one she least expected. The greatest acts of evil are not committed by monsters, but by seemingly random people who, most of the time, are just doing their usual daily routine.

~~/o/

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Her paranoia would later be justified, though famously from the one she least expected. The greatest acts of evil are not committed by monsters, but by seemingly random people who, most of the time, are just doing their usual daily routine.

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Great points.

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Much appreciated: echoed the sentiments Hannah Arendt expressed in her stellar work "Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil".

The idea is that people, both willingly or unintentionally, contribute to other people's suffering.

https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/02/07/hannah-arendt-the-banality-of-evil/

A biblical example is Jesus being crucified. Commenting on the actions done against him he stated, "Forgive them for they do not know what they do." [paraphrased]

~~/o/

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Hey, Gubbio...always good to know you're out there...

...some good comments.

I suppose one thing I noticed is that, given how Marion's wicked smile in the car matches Norman's wicked smile in the jail cell...the script did not have Marion smiling on those lines in the car. HITCHCOCK seems to have added the shot(s) of Marion...perhaps already thinking ahead to the Norman grin. (After all, Hitchcock had contributed to the writing of the script, and knew what was coming.)

As for the "double/doppelganger" idea, we see it a lot in Hitchcock's films about psychos:

Uncle Charlie/Young Charlie
Bruno Anthony/Guy Haines
Norman Bates/Marion Crane
Richard Blaney/Bob Rusk ("RB/BR")

I think Hitchcock and Stefano seemed to get their "literary and psychological knowledge" through a lot of reading(Hitchcock read many story treatments, books and short stories for Alfred Hitchcock Presents), and through psychoanalysis and research (in Stefano's case.)

Hitchcock had read classics like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and he filmed a show(with Tom Ewell) in which Ewell had a doppelganger in the episode, and HITCHCOCK had a doppelganger as a host...

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Hey, EC, I thought you'd appreciate the analysis given in that video. 😁

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I most certainly did. Thanks from all of us!

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Doubles, doubles: don't let's forget Mrs Danvers and the deceased title character in Rebecca, EC.

Then there's Rear Window, with the Stewart and Kelly characters "doubled", to one degree or another, by various characters in the courtyard. Many have similarities to those two, even if, in the case of Miss Kelly and "Miss Torso", certain physical elements are lacking.

Also, in RW: the depressed, solitary "Miss Lonelyhearts" is, on the surface, both a victim, like Mrs Thorwald, and a potential perp, as a near suicide. She also has an inner misery verging on homicidality that ties her to Mr. Thorwald.

As the movie's director, Alfred Hitchcock, was a man with a camera, like Jimmy Stewart's character, and also, though this doesn't get a parallel in the film, physically impaired (or limited) by his self-imposed celibacy, ironies abound. I can't help but wonder, was Thelma Ritter's caring nurse character a nod to Mrs Hitchcock?

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Doubles, doubles: don't let's forget Mrs Danvers and the deceased title character in Rebecca, EC.

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Ah yes. I think I went for the "obvious" ones (in the "psycho" movies, my faves.)

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Then there's Rear Window, with the Stewart and Kelly characters "doubled", to one degree or another, by various characters in the courtyard.

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Here, telegonus, you have hit a real mother lode of "doubles I didn't consider."

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Many have similarities to those two, even if, in the case of Miss Kelly and "Miss Torso", certain physical elements are lacking.

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Hitchcock always went on about the "cool blondes"(like Grace Kelly of course) who were prim and proper on the surface but wildcats in the sack, etc. And yet here, in this film, with Miss Torso, Hitch went directly for a "heavenly body" va-va-voom type, as well(with a most provocative "bend over" shot, I might add.) So bottom line: Hitch didn't always practice what he preached. Indeed, for 1954, Rear Window is very much a "sex and violence" movie like Psycho to follow. Except the violence(dismemberment) is off screen.

And yet: is it Stewart who "doubles" (in a line of dialogue) Miss Torso in entertaining men at her apartment as being the same as Grace at HER apartment? (who calls the task "juggling wolves" or some such.) Recall that Grace says: "You can see my apartment all the way from here?"

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Also, in RW: the depressed, solitary "Miss Lonelyhearts" is, on the surface, both a victim, like Mrs Thorwald, and a potential perp, as a near suicide. She also has an inner misery verging on homicidality that ties her to Mr. Thorwald.

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Yes. Miss Lonelyhearts is also -- rather ridiculously -- a possible double for Grace Kelly IF Kelly ends up "without a man" if Jimmy jilts her. (And audiences for decades now have hoped that Grace WOULD dump Jimmy instead.)

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As the movie's director, Alfred Hitchcock, was a man with a camera, like Jimmy Stewart's character, and also, though this doesn't get a parallel in the film, physically impaired (or limited) by his self-imposed celibacy, ironies abound.

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Oh yes. The cameras, the celibacy...the voyeurism. Rather a self-portrait...

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I can't help but wonder, was Thelma Ritter's caring nurse character a nod to Mrs Hitchcock?

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Nifty. Word is that Alma "took care" of Hitchcock in a very loving but very tough manner.

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As always, EC, thanks for the response and your analysis of my thoughts, ideas and interpretations with a seriousness I much appreciate, at a personal level. Your manners are exceptionally good for the cyberworld of the New Millennium.

More on Hitch & His Themes: Thelma Ritter's character was but one of many decent, caring people who turn up more often than most of us realize or choose to remember. Deputy sheriff Al Chambers and his gossipy but basically kindly wife in Psycho are two such. Milton Arbogast, in the same film, deserves a tip of the hat as well, as while he's tough, he's fair.

Earlier, in Vertigo, there was Midge, who deserved better than she got. In The Wrong Man there's the decent lawyer who takes on Manny's case.

Indeed, throughout Hitchcock's career in films decent, often kindly people show their faces and say and do good things. One might almost go so far as to say that Hitchcock's films are filled with good people. Sounds odd at first, and yet they're there. Not always; and not in every film. Yet throughout his career there are some sweet folks that we meet along the way.

Whoever said that Hitchcock was a misanthrope or misogynist wasn't paying close attention while watching his films and the characters who turn up in them regularly. Lots of nice folk turn up in Foeign Correspondent. Yet the movie isn't about them (or is it, its core, I mean?).

Where are the bad guys in The Birds? Bad birds, okay, but people? Some are better than other but they're not malicious. Nor are there, in the Lifeboat of twenty years earlier, a nasty bunch in that small boat. The German was the worst of the lot, while the others, of the Allied nations, while often cranky, moody, opinionated in ways many of us don't like, they also have humor and humanity abounding. It's good to keep in mind when analyzing this one that its characters are tired, hungry, thirsty, adrift in mid-ocean and downright terrified. Their often bad behavior is to be expected.

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As always, EC, thanks for the response and your analysis of my thoughts, ideas and interpretations with a seriousness I much appreciate, at a personal level. Your manners are exceptionally good for the cyberworld of the New Millennium.

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Thank you very much, telegonus. Much appreciated!

I realize that manners aren't exactly the POINT of chat discourse - and some of the lighter insults are quite funny but-- why not maintain some manners somewhere?

Irony: on the PSYCHO board? Its not like Mrs. Bates had good manners! But...she's from a more subdued time.

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More on Hitch & His Themes: Thelma Ritter's character was but one of many decent, caring people who turn up more often than most of us realize or choose to remember.

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This is true. For all the attempts to paint Hitchcock as some sort of misanthropic ogre, one finds within all of his thrillers some pretty nice, pretty decent people. Unfortunately , he kills some of them off(Marion, Arbogast...Brenda, Babs) but on the whole, decency prevails.

I'm reminded that Hitchcock often cited Shadow of a Doubt and The Trouble With Harry as among his personal favorites. And who is to say that THOSE films are just as much his "personal testament" as the dark tragedy of Vertigo and the shockfest of Psycho? (He did NOT much list Psycho OR Vertigo as personal favorites, I might add.)

The Trouble With Harry is VERY nice...there's not really a villain in it, let alone a killer. Four nice people become two nice romantic(marriage on the way) couples by the time the film is over, and one of the couples is "old."(40's.)

Shadow of a Doubt has an evil man in Uncle Charlie(though evidently a head injury made him that way) but Young Charlie and her eccentric yet supportive family prevail at the end.

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Deputy sheriff Al Chambers and his gossipy but basically kindly wife in Psycho are two such. Milton Arbogast, in the same film, deserves a tip of the hat as well, as while he's tough, he's fair.

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Arbogast reveals his true "niceness" in his great phone booth scene. As a matter of script, his role as a "plot device" pays off here: he cuts all sorts of storytelling time by telling Lila all about the Bates Motel and how Marion stayed there.

But he's also NICE about it. He didn't HAVE to call Lila(he could have called Cassidy.) He's polite. He's pleased with himself for finding out so much. Some critics have noted that here we learn that Arbogast is honest, and not up to any monkey business about stealing the money for himself, etc. I might add that here -- as everywhere with the Psycho script -- Martin Balsam himself changed his dialogue so that a more blunt and business-like private eye on the page, became...courtly? On the screen. (And got more screen time..Balsam's lines are longer than the script lines.)

As Joe Stefano said, A key to Psycho was that "the audience was forced to watch two nice people get killed by a nice person." Interesting when you think about it. Arbogast could have been played as a slimy bully and we'd WELCOME his murder. But he wasn't. Same with Marion's "criminal" -- she's a nice lady, an amateur, she gives up her crazy scheme...

Frenzy is a BIT like this - two nice people(Brenda and Babs) are horribly murdered by a "nice person"(the oh-so-cheery and friendly Rusk) but we see that he's really not a nice person at all. Norman? Well, maybe, deep inside...

The Deputy Sheriff and his wife(especially the kindly wife) are a reminder that small rural towns are filled with such nice people...its too bad the horrors of the Bates family had to sprout nearby, but that's life. (We will get a number of similar good small towners in The Birds one film later.)


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Earlier, in Vertigo, there was Midge, who deserved better than she got.

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Its almost as if she is "rescued" from Scottie once his obsession turns to "the beauty." Its sad but...merciful?

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In The Wrong Man there's the decent lawyer who takes on Manny's case.

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A VERY decent lawyer, nicely played by Anthony Quayle. And with Henry Fonda's "ultra-decency" in the film, these two men seem pitted against an uncaring system that is evil "by accident." And poor decent Vera Miles breaks down.

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Indeed, throughout Hitchcock's career in films decent, often kindly people show their faces and say and do good things. One might almost go so far as to say that Hitchcock's films are filled with good people. Sounds odd at first, and yet they're there. Not always; and not in every film. Yet throughout his career there are some sweet folks that we meet along the way.

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They help the heroes(the truck driver and most of the circus people in Saboteur), they stand for "good things." Here's a painful one: the father (Cedric Hardwicke) of the murdered young man in Rope. He's worried when his son doesn't arrive; he's outraged by the macabre murder jokes...he's the voice of compassion and...decency. And his son is dead, in the same room. Hitchcock's kindness could cut against his cruelty.

Or Young Charlie(voice offscreen) yelling against her Uncle's indictment of "fat wheezing rich widows." "But they're alive! They're human beings!" (Uncle Charlie: "Are they?")

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Whoever said that Hitchcock was a misanthrope or misogynist wasn't paying close attention while watching his films and the characters who turn up in them regularly. Lots of nice folk turn up in Foeign Correspondent. Yet the movie isn't about them (or is it, its core, I mean?).

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Well, they are in the supporting cast. Robert Benchley is there for comic relief and tweedy little Edmund Gwenn(eventually so sweet in The Trouble With Harry) is a sweet-faced assassin. Can't trust ALL decent types...

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Where are the bad guys in The Birds? Bad birds, okay, but people? Some are better than other but they're not malicious.

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They are "people in pain," rather clawing and scratching at each other, but they get together at the end. I would like to note here that I think The Wrong Man and The Birds have this in common: the villain isn't a PERSON(not even the "right man") -- its a FORCE. Nature gone mad. A criminal justice system that just doesn't care.

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Nor are there, in the Lifeboat of twenty years earlier, a nasty bunch in that small boat. The German was the worst of the lot, while the others, of the Allied nations, while often cranky, moody, opinionated in ways many of us don't like, they also have humor and humanity abounding. It's good to keep in mind when analyzing this one that its characters are tired, hungry, thirsty, adrift in mid-ocean and downright terrified. Their often bad behavior is to be expected.

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Well, they are pushed to the limit...and when it transpires that the German(a cuddly roly-poly, boyish sort in Slezak) killed the very nice(and now crippled) William Bendix, hoarded their water, and steered them to the Nazi ship....its payback time. You know, like in war AGAINST the Nazis. Good people sometimes have to get nasty.

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Overall the vast majority of Hitchcock movies had happy endings -- romantic couples brought together, the bad guys ALWAYS foiled...and nice people along the way to counteract the villains. If Psycho and Frenzy played nasty and killed off the nice people(quite nastily), at least both movies gave us essentially good people(Sam, Lila, Chambers; Oxford, even Blaney) to stop the villains in the end. After the damage was done, alas.

Hitchcock's attention(via his writers) to the good people in his films make his thrillers a bit quaint today..but immensely likeable.


But how about this: James Stewart in Rear Window solves a murder, but he's rather ornery and cowardly(letting Thorwald manhandle Lisa) in going about it. Hitchcock PUNISHES him: TWO broken legs at the end. The "nice" people in that one, I'd say, are Thelma Ritter the nurse and Wendell Corey the cop.

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Midge wasn't a good fit for Scotty. She was too nice and without the requisite air of mystery that he needed to draw him in more deeply. In the end, even in a fully consummated relationship, Scotty would have hurt Midge terribly, not through murder or overt acts of cruelty but rather for being the kind of person he was. Worse, for her, she'd likely have been loyal to him.

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Midge wasn't a good fit for Scotty. She was too nice and without the requisite air of mystery that he needed to draw him in more deeply.

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I'm reminded that Midge didn't exist in the source novel for Vertigo, nor in the first draft of the script, which James Stewart found too dreamy and abstract. Only when Sam Taylor created(with Hitchcock's assent) the "sensible" character of Midge did Stewart exclaim "This is great! Now we have a movie!")

For indeed, Midge is the "reality principle" in the film, the kind of cute, attractive enough but ultimately too "unmysterious" woman who men like as pals but not lovers(even if they ARE lovers.)

I think people could relate. Look, we've all either been head over heels with people or -- just "OK" with them. And I'd say we've all been that person who is just "OK" to a lover. We've had a Midge or we've been a Midge.

Vertigo rather savagely throws Midge out of the movie at the end of the second act - she gets the same "walk down a darkening hallway" that Fonda takes in The Wrong Man. But indeed, Scotty has to indulge his passions, his dark fantasies. Midge is in the way(even as Scotty is, at this point, catatonic. He'll come back.)

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In the end, even in a fully consummated relationship, Scotty would have hurt Midge terribly, not through murder or overt acts of cruelty but rather for being the kind of person he was. Worse, for her, she'd likely have been loyal to him.

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Yes, as tragic as the ending is for Judy(absolutely) and Scotty(pretty much)..perhaps Midge is the true winner in this story...thrown clear before she got hurt too badly.

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"Nor are there, in the Lifeboat of twenty years earlier, a nasty bunch in that small boat. The German was the worst of the lot, while the others, of the Allied nations, while often cranky, moody, opinionated in ways many of us don't like, they also have humor and humanity abounding."

- - Lifeboat is such a high-wire act in so many ways, beginning with the artistic and logistical challenges Hitch took on with the project, about which this is always worth noting: how effectively it avoids stasis, remaining visually and dramatically kinetic; astonishing for a piece with nine people (then eight, then seven, then six) sitting in a small boat with little more to do than talk.

And Rope notwithstanding, it's the closest he came to an ensemble exercise. Although their styles differed, Hitchcock adopts an approach similar to that of Robert Altman in his own adventures within the form, with point of view shifting and wandering among assembled characters (a technique that informs Rope in an even more direct way).

But you and ec are talking about people, not what directors do with their cameras. What Hitchcock and screenwriter Jo Swerling created was not so much a story as a situation. With the exceptions of an emergency medical procedure here or storm there, the directions the drama takes rest entirely on the individual personalities within this small group, and the alchemy their combinations generate. In other words, the characters ARE the story.

Cont'd...

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It's entirely appropriate to invoke their humanity as you have, as Lifeboat also comes closer to an examination of it - in microcosm - than any other Hitchcock work. Each character is accessible and complex and, stuck with them as we are, just as they with each other "in a mighty small boat on a mighty big ocean," we can find something to appreciate in all of them, in spite of their flaws. And although some are given more prominence than others, all are equally strong as characters, and each gets at least one scene in which to shine.

Further accentuating that humanity is their ordinariness. Each possesses his or her own colorful or affecting qualities, but as personalities, there are no extremes among the dramatis personae: no homicidal psychos; no masterminds of criminal espionage plots; no comic eccentrics or desperate, wrongly-accused innocents. Even the nominal villain Willie, a surgeon in civilian life and submarine captain in service, is an ordinary man whose ruthlessness arises not out of psychological pathology but from the impositions of a national ideology and the exigencies of war.

For that figure, Hitchcock rejects the caricatures so typical of such wartime depictions, to which even his own Saboteur surrendered. And in that case, Tobin's denunciation of "the moron millions" and declarations that "A few of us in America desire a more profitable type of government" and "The competence of totalitarian nations is much higher than ours" bespeak as much of inherent personal corruption as systemic.

No megalomaniacal speeches for Willie about ruling the world or the collapse of decadent societies; in their places are more benign and ostensibly non-malevolent remarks like, "In order to survive, one must have a plan" and "Right living is what does it." Even his most malevolent act is rationalized by what his indoctrination mistakes for compassion, however misguided and cold: "He's out of his trouble. A poor cripple dying of thirst...what good could life be to a man like that?"

Cont'd...

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At the risk of getting too political, I note in passing the subtle commentary these expressions offer on the nature of "selling" a narrative to a populace; a "tough love," cruelty-as-kindness mindset that's evident in our own national discourse, wherein public assistance is characterized by some as more damaging than helpful to its recipients. Stepping off soapbox now.

The film's single occurrence of overt violence is only the collective cathartic act of the "ordinaries" driven to a breaking point: "the mob," from which only the sensitive Joe abstains, representing an acutely opposite aspect of humanity.

Hitchcock would occasionally assemble other collections of ordinary people free of personality extremes in his films to follow - The Wrong Man, The Birds, for instance - and the rest present numerous examples of ordinary, "nice" people.

But more than any other I can think of, Lifeboat delves most deeply into the human conditions of those people, and how extraordinary external circumstances can affect and alter them.

I never meant to go on this long, and my apologies for characteristic verbosity and thanks to you (and ec, who monitors the board he's so lovingly nurtured) for your indulgence if you've managed to stick this out.

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I can't see your soapbox, Doghouse. You offer many interesting observations; and I especially like your brief take on "tough love", which to me often feels like "sadism masquerading as kindness". In a way, the people in Hitchcock's films, due to their distance from us (as to chronology) are easier to empathize with, for me anyway, as they seem less ambiguous, as the nice ones are consistently nice for the most part.

For all this, there's the Ambiguity Of Evil in Hitchcock's films, going way back, as many of his villains are charmers; and some of the good guys are just plain weak, often due to age, maybe disability, or simply a "necessary self-absorption" (kids, ailing mothers in law, unhelpful, even greedy siblings and the like). The old expression A Good Man Is Hard To Find isn't really true based on my experience. My experience has taught me that the good far outweigh the bad, especially, and luckily, in our society.

Sadly, and often tragically, goodness is too often near to passivity than an active, hands-on quality. Yet if one lives in a city, as I do, if I've seen it once I've seen it a thousand times: someone, usually ill, elderly or simply unfortunate, cries out for help,--they're in pain,could be a heart condition or a sprained ankle--and in well under a minute they are surrounded by people, and all kinds,--young and old, rich and poor--and the unfortunate person on the ground is being questioned with genuine empathy and concern if they're in pain, or have a medical condition,--did they fall or were they pushed?--robbed or just someone rushing who knocked them down?--and in seconds Help Is On The Way. You can hear the siren in the background--and this is very reassuring.

Yet these kinds of everyday events seldom turn up in Hitchcock's films or in movies in general. They're not inherently dramatic so much as crises that need facing up to. In Hitchcock's world there's nearly always a pathology at work, somewhere, which shall provide the picture with a theme.

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"Sadly, and often tragically, goodness is too often near to passivity than an active, hands-on quality."

- That zeros in on something I consider elemental: a passerby sees that person in distress and realizes, "I can do something about this, right here and now." As you say, hands-on. It's the larger, more widespread and gradual crises about which your average person, no matter how good, tends to become passive through a feeling of helplessness: "What can I do about it? I'm just one person. How can I change anything about the corruption of hundreds of our national leaders, and the hateful vindictiveness of millions of their followers?"

Again, Lifeboat has something to say: "We weren't a mob when we killed him. We were a mob when we sat around, prisoners of the man we saved..."

Or those we elected.

It's ironic that, 250 years ago, without the communication tools we now have that can reach millions in an instant, a populace could be roused to action in ways that hardly seem possible today. But that, as well, no doubt has something to do with The Ambiguity Of Evil. Those same communication tools are employed by those waving flags, crying, "Freedom...Liberty...Security!" and identifying the enemies upon whom the minions can blame all their problems.

The view from my soapbox is often a bit gloomy on Monday mornings.

Back to Hitchcock, I wonder how significant it is, if at all, that after his two relatively unsuccessful espionage thrillers of the '60s, in which "the bad guy" was represented by pervasive systems rather than by an individual, central villain, he retreated in the '70s to intimate little crime stories even as other directors were exploring a sense of paranoia with shadowy conspiracies depicted in pictures like The Parallax View, Chinatown, Three Days Of the Condor and All the President's Men.

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Even the nominal villain Willie, a surgeon in civilian life and submarine captain in service, is an ordinary man whose ruthlessness arises not out of psychological pathology but from the impositions of a national ideology and the exigencies of war.

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Hitchcock remains famous for a career of "mixed signals" about his characters. Flawed heroes, charming villains, and perhaps an insistence that we "see the other side's POV" even when the other side is pretty ruthless and evil(psycho stabbers and stranglers included!). Willie -- as a surgeon in civilian life and a submarine captain in service -- is clearly a very intelligent man, and a leader OF men. Any country would value his service. His actions on the lifeboat -- hoarding water, steering the boat to a Nazi ship -- are likely what a sole American would do on a German lifeboat...within bounds. For Nazism had at its base a particular ruthlessness that England and America(for two) felt the need to repel.

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astonishing for a piece with nine people (then eight, then seven, then six)

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Indeed a bit of a body count even with that small cast in such close quarters!

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I will here note (likely again) that, in my life's history of relationships, one particularly favorite significant other, when I brought up Hitchcock, immediately named Lifeboat as her favorite of his works. I was surprised to see that she had that kind of "way back" knowledge of Hitchcock (usually I got Psycho or The Birds or Rear Window as the answer), and, given how much I knew I liked it myself, the movie just jumped right up in estimation. Lifeboat survives as "our" Hitchcock movie.

So I always like reading about Lifeboat.

I think that this s.o. responded to both the intensity of the situation(the stunt) but very much to the humanity of the people. She felt that a fair amount of Hitchcock was a bit too artificial for her tastes; Lifeboat was not, she felt.

I think the stunt is pretty darn incredible. That little boat can feel desperately claustrophobic at times, and yet the vast sea beyond it gives the movie at once "scope" (a screen filled with ocean vistas) and terror(in anticipation of Jaws over 30 years later, here is a movie where the idea of "falling into the water" creates the risk of death.)



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And Rope notwithstanding, it's the closest he came to an ensemble exercise.

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I feel a little bit Psycho-shrinkish about that: "Yes!...and no."

I will concede that Lifeboat is very much an ensemble piece(though the billing is pretty much "TALLULAH BANKHEAD...and everytbody else," but I feel that Hitchcock when "unburdened by stars(Grant, Stewart, Bergman...Newman and Andrews) rather LIKED small star, ensemble casts: Lifeboat, The Trouble With Harry...Psycho(with characters coming and going, living and dying)....The Birds...and definitely the final three(Topaz, Frenzy, Family Plot) in which the "leading role" seems to keep trading off among different players.

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Although their styles differed, Hitchcock adopts an approach similar to that of Robert Altman in his own adventures within the form, with point of view shifting and wandering among assembled characters (a technique that informs Rope in an even more direct way).

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I'm reminded that Altman (a) worked as a director on the Hitchcock hour series(and hence likely met The Man) and (b) cited Rear Window as HIS favorite Hitchcock movie. And when you think about it, not only does Rear Window have somewhat of an ensemble ("the window people" plus the five main characters), it has some of Altman's STYLE -- a jumble of sounds and mumbles and criss-crossing characters.

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But you and ec are talking about people, not what directors do with their cameras.

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Yes. But isn't that what's great about Hitchcock. He gave us great people AND did great stuff with his camera. Its why the usual analytical process rather breaks down with Hitchcock. On the one hand, one can't HELP but discuss "the story of Psycho"(Marion's part, Norman's entry, Arbogast's arrival, Sam and Lila wrapping things up), but the dazzling cinematic touches are what make it magic. And yet -- those touches wouldn't BE so magic if we didn't care for those people(ALL of those people, says I.)

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(In Lifeboat), What Hitchcock and screenwriter Jo Swerling created was not so much a story as a situation. With the exceptions of an emergency medical procedure here or storm there, the directions the drama takes rest entirely on the individual personalities within this small group, and the alchemy their combinations generate. In other words, the characters ARE the story.

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Yes. I think John Steinbeck helped a little on this(he got his name on the posters over Hitchcock's objections) and HE certainly knew from character.

Indeed, another part of the stunt in Lifeboat was to figure out what story to tell in that Lifeboat. The Coming of the Nazi aboard gives the film its tension(sudden thought: he's like the obnoxious punk kid in The Breakfast Club played by Judd Nelson; without THAT guy, the other four would just sit quietly in detention.) The rest of the story is basically a couple of romances(Bankhead and Hodiak; Cronyn and Anderson) and a little "vs" politics(Hitch said that Hodiak is basically a Communist and Hull basically a Fascist; I dunno, they are pretty nice guys about it.) Plus some social commentary with Joe, the black man. (Hitchcock rarely had black characters in his films, but he treated them with respect every time.)

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I'd say there's enough action and even Hitchcockian horror in Lifeboat. The storm sequence is almost required(and almost killed Hume Cronyn for real.) The amputation of Bendix's leg is pretty creepy(that shot of the knife blade taking a flame...its such a rather blunt and dull knife). The killing of Bendix is shockingly cruel. The killing of Willie is pretty savage -- does he drown or is the beating what kills him? And the climax has battleships firing shells near the boat and a great "visceral" bit(process) of the little lifeboat scraping alongside a big ship.

But still, those are "big things" along the way. The rest of the story is carried by conversation, light conflict, and a "coming together" (and I STILL believe that Bankhead and the shirtless Hodiak are sex deluxe in this 1944 Hays Code movie... their characters somehow did the deed on that boat, I'm sure...likely while everyone else slept.)

A Hitchcock Touch I always remember in Lifeboat: that weird/funny shot(trick lens?) of Willie rowing two oars, with his knuckles and fists around the oars filling the screen in the foreground and then rocking backwards into the background, and then forwards again, and then backwards again, over and over again. Its funny, its oddly "soothing" and doesn't he sing a German ditty while he rows?

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(With Willie), Hitchcock rejects the caricatures so typical of such wartime depictions, to which even his own Saboteur surrendered. And in that case, Tobin's denunciation of "the moron millions" and declarations that "A few of us in America desire a more profitable type of government" and "The competence of totalitarian nations is much higher than ours" bespeak as much of inherent personal corruption as systemic.

No megalomaniacal speeches for Willie about ruling the world or the collapse of decadent societies;

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I'm reminded often that, by luck of history, Hitchcock was for about a decade, a "WWII director." From The Lady Vanishes(with the Nazis just starting to manifest) to Notorious(with defeated Nazis in Rio looking to come back)...Hitchcock was at once in the middle of a real drama and given the best villains in movie history (so good, Spielberg would use them again, a LOT.)

Still, Hitchcock was rather on the knife's edge. This director who liked to show both sides of the story, and the "human element" in villainy, had to deliver propaganda in WWII, and he did.

Rather neatly structured, I might add. The Lady Vanishes warned Britishers of the coming war in Europe FOR Europeans to consider. Foreign Correspondent warned America that Europe was aflame and "they are coming for you." And Saboteur said "they're already here, among us..sympathetic to the Nazi cause."

Still, Tobin's big bad guy speech at the end has a certain pragmatism to it I like. Tobin likes the Nazi system better than the American, thinks he can do better by it. And if the Nazis lose? Well, he'll run...live on some island with his wealth. (I do believe, along with Gavin Elster, Tobin is the one Hitchcock villain who gets away...or is at least not followed to his end.)

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I don't know how confident Americans were about winning the war in 1944, when Lifeboat came out, but one feels Hitchcock relaxing a bit....he could tell his Nazi story with LESS propaganda and on more human terms. Still, his message was to the Americans: don't squabble, don't divide. Group together to defeat the steely focus of the Nazis.

I wonder if Notorious made people nervous, with its tale of Nazis grouping to "try again." And with an atomic bomb of their own, this time.

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No megalomaniacal speeches for Willie about ruling the world or the collapse of decadent societies; in their places are more benign and ostensibly non-malevolent remarks like, "In order to survive, one must have a plan" and "Right living is what does it." Even his most malevolent act is rationalized by what his indoctrination mistakes for compassion, however misguided and cold: "He's out of his trouble. A poor cripple dying of thirst...what good could life be to a man like that?"

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Yes, Willie rather disguises his ruthlessness in compassion. Once Bendix loses his leg, he's "inferior" and a risk to the water supply...but he's also a poor cripple, etc. Did not the Nazis go after the infirm along with Jews in their purges? The goal of a "master race" was pretty ruthless. At the same time, Willie -- the surgeon, the sub commander -- is the guy with the "can do skills" to guide the boat and to save Bendix's life the first time(the amputation.) The film has a clear-eyed knowledge of Willie's special qualities.



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The old expression A Good Man Is Hard To Find isn't really true based on my experience. My experience has taught me that the good far outweigh the bad, especially, and luckily, in our society.

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I agree, telegonus. I suppose there can be some irony in a Hitchcock fan(maybe more me than you with that label) believing in the power of good in the world, but even that "violent thriller maker" was able to have his cake and eat it too: the murders and thrills in his movies(directed by evil) brought in big audiences; his overall belief in the power of good allowed people to feel GOOD coming out of most Hitchcock movies. (Not so, I would contend, coming out of Straw Dogs, A Clockwork Orange or Taxi Driver.) Now, Hitchcock's sense of goodness meant he was sometimes mocked by those who felt his films were too "Hollywood," but it seems to me that his humanist side was real, and its what he wanted to express.

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Sadly, and often tragically, goodness is too often near to passivity than an active, hands-on quality. Yet if one lives in a city, as I do, if I've seen it once I've seen it a thousand times: someone, usually ill, elderly or simply unfortunate, cries out for help,--they're in pain,could be a heart condition or a sprained ankle--and in well under a minute they are surrounded by people, and all kinds,--young and old, rich and poor--and the unfortunate person on the ground is being questioned with genuine empathy and concern if they're in pain, or have a medical condition,--did they fall or were they pushed?--robbed or just someone rushing who knocked them down?--and in seconds Help Is On The Way. You can hear the siren in the background--and this is very reassuring.

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A great paragraph, telegonus! And true. I've seen it myself, and I've been the recipient of such help a couple of times in my older years. Its amazing.

One of my current beefs , in America at least, is the rise and publicizing of comedians(who aren't) and newspeople(who aren't) who specialize in anger, hatred, tribalism, etc. Its as if they are paid to make things worse, not better. And in being paid big money to do so, they seem like sellouts of the worst kind to me. Making money making sure that people are Unhappy. "They'll get theirs."

But nobody much REALLY watches them. Their ratings aren't that high. Not in the grand scheme of population and things to do. I myself only READ about them.

As Hitchcock himself knew, there was plenty of evil and violence in the world to be sure, and it needed to be dealt with....but there was an overabundance of good, too.

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Thanks for sharing. It’s an interesting analysis.

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Thanks for sharing.

My Pleasure! 😊

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