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The Woman Who Stabbed Marion Crane


SPOILERS for The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (and Psycho, of course)

Its winter so I've been catching up on some old favorites on cable and elsewhere.

I was watching "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" the other night. Its a favorite of sorts -- the only "long pairing" of John Wayne and James Stewart together, for John Ford, with Lee Marvin playing as mean and evil a bad buy as ever walked the West.

Its from 1962 from Paramount, in black and white and it co-stars Vera Miles, so a few echoes of Psycho are certainly there, but it is much more a John Ford thing -- with a few of his 40's players(Andy Devine, John Carradine) mixed in with some "newbies"(Edmond O'Brien as a drunken frontier newspaperman and Ken Murray as a frontier doctor.)

The story is famous and tragic and fairly excruciating. John Wayne loves Vera Miles. James Stewart loves Vera Miles. Baddie Lee Marvin(as Liberty Valance) is out to kill weakling crusading lawyer-politician Stewart in a gunfight that Stewart can't possibly win. But Stewart DOES win -- he's the Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. He wins Vera Miles in marriage. Wayne burns down the house he was building for Vera and plummets into a life of lonlieness and failure and despair.

At the end, we find out that John Wayne is REALLY the man who shot Liberty Valance. He willingly sacrificed everything by killing the bad man who would have surely killed James Stewart and freed Vera Miles for Wayne's hand.

And James Stewart knows that Wayne is the real man who shot Liberty Valance, too. So he knows his rapid political ascent to US Senatorhood is based on a lie.

Everybody hurts in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Its a painful movie about The Truth. When Stewart tries to tell a modern-day reporter who really shot Valance, he gets a famous answer: "This is the West. When the legend becomes fact, print the legend."

Watching Valance the other night, something hit me that hadn't hit me before.

In the scene where James Stewart and Lee Marvin have their showdown -- with Marvin winging Stewart easily en route to shooting him "right between the eyes" -- Stewart shoots and kills Marvin, and Stewart then goes into the chow hall for comfort and medical help from Vera Miles.

A few minutes pass and...John Wayne appears. He's sorry he was too late to stop things, he says. He goes into a nearby saloon, clearly in a great deal of emotional pain, ready to drink hard and quickly beating up Marvin's two henchmen. He drinks hard and then leaves for home in a drunken, sad fury.

And I've always wondered: did 1962 audiences put two and two together quickly and realize that John Wayne was really the man who shot Liberty Valance? A full half hour before it is revealed?

All the clues are there in how upset he is and how he beats up Valance's men, and in how he gets drunk. And it seems IMPOSSIBLE that James Stewart could have really bested Valance.

And yet -- we SAW James Stewart fire on Marvin. And it is entirely possible that Wayne is upset because he realizes that Stewart did kill Marvin, and so now Stewart WILL get Vera. Wayne having done the shooting for real isn't necessarily a foregone conclusion....

...and I was reminded of Psycho just then.

For BOTH Psycho AND Liberty Valance rely on "twist endings": Mother didn't stab Marion Crane; Norman did. James Stewart didn't shoot Liberty Valance; John Wayne did.

And with BOTH Psycho and Liberty Valance the issue is: "Did the audience figure out the twist early?"

The set up is rather similar. We SEE Mother kill Marion. Within a minute, Norman has run down the hill to "discover the crime." We SEE Stewart shoot Marvin. Within a few minutes, John Wayne has arrived to discover this has happened.

Since I never saw either Psycho or Liberty Valance with any chance to be fooled (I knew the twist in advance) my guess is this: audiences largely did NOT realize that Norman killed Marion in the shower; audiences largely DID realize that Wayne shot Liberty Valance.

Its a matter of logic: Hitchcock hides the evidence about Mother pretty well: films her in shadow, gives her a woman's voice. Ford doesn't hide the evidence about Wayne very well. He shows up so quickly after Valance goes down that one starts realizing: Wayne may have been there all along.

This is just one of those musings that I, as a Psycho fan, sometimes conjure. But it cannot be denied that both Psycho and Liberty Valance rely on "twist endings" and the twist is very much about the issue of "who REALLY committed the killing?"

Oh, and one other thing that I always have to mention when discussing Liberty Valance and Psycho: all these film writers say Hitchcock wanted to surprise audiences by killing Janet Leigh in the shower. But his 1960 trailer is ultimately about how in his new movie, a woman gets killed in a shower.

"When the legend becomes fact, print the legend."

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Since I never saw either Psycho or Liberty Valance with any chance to be fooled (I knew the twist in advance) my guess is this: audiences largely did NOT realize that Norman killed Marion in the shower; audiences largely DID realize that Wayne shot Liberty Valance.
I always knew the twists in advance too....Maybe because of that I always heard the title TMWSLV as having a hidden/silent question-mark, TM?WSLV, i.e., as essentially equivalent to 'Who Shot Liberty Valance?', flagging that appearances could be/probably are deceiving, with Wayne as prime suspect for the real shooter.

Growing up as a film buff too, The Searchers loomed large in my image of both Ford and Wayne (larger than it did for most audiences in 1962 I'd wager), and Miles was in The Searchers too, so it just made sense that in TMWSLV Wayne would be playing another version of or extension of Ethan Edwards who can't come into the house at the end, who's a brutal, racist killer estranged from family life, and from the coming civilized west more generally. And TMWSLV didn't disappoint: even more than EE in The Searchers Wayne's character in TMWSLV is explicitly a walking moral proposition. He may be the hero the Post-Frontier West deserves, but he's not the one it needs right now, Stewart/Harvey Dent is (Print the Legend). He's a silent guardian. A watchful protector. A Dark Knight.

Anyhow, it would definitely be worth asking around on TMWSLV and other Ford/Wayne boards for people who saw TMWSLV in 1962/3 to see whether the title felt as leading to them then as it did to me in the mid '80s, and whether they always guessed the twist so never really even saw it as one (of course Wayne would have to be Batman!).

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BTW, I *love* the idea suggested by the title of ecarle's OP: retitling movies (misleadingly or leadingly as the case may be) in the mode of some other notable movies and their titles. Psycho becomes 'The Woman Who Stabbed Marion Crane'.

I had one recently for Jaws in the mode of The Post (i.e., imagined redirected by a later Spielberg to focus on the Mayor's anguished decision whether to fund Quint to kill the shark): The Mayor.

All are warmly encouraged to add their retitling suggestions to this thread!

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BTW, I *love* the idea suggested by the title of ecarle's OP: retitling movies (misleadingly or leadingly as the case may be) in the mode of some other notable movies and their titles. Psycho becomes 'The Woman Who Stabbed Marion Crane'.

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Thanks. I think that alternate title was triggered when I realized that WHO actually did the killing(Mother/Stewart; Norman/Wayne) was at the center of the twist...and the story.

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I had one recently for Jaws in the mode of The Post (i.e., imagined redirected by a later Spielberg to focus on the Mayor's anguished decision whether to fund Quint to kill the shark): The Mayor.

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That's a slightly different parlor game I think: focusing on a different character than the lead(or lead villain: Jaws). In the recent John Gavin RIP thread, I note that the obituaries were so focused on his Psycho character(almost a supporting character) that the movie could be called "The Boyfriend."

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All are warmly encouraged to add their retitling suggestions to this thread!

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I'll try..but I think I took my best(only?) shot with "The Woman Who Stabbed Marion Crane." I can only be so creative. Hah.

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At the time of its theatrical release there was a song TMWSLV recorded by Gene Pitney which we all assumed was from the movie but actually wasn't. And it had the lyric "The man who shot Liberty Valence, he was the bravest of them all", which sure isn't the Stewart character.

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At the time of its theatrical release there was a song TMWSLV recorded by Gene Pitney which we all assumed was from the movie but actually wasn't. And it had the lyric "The man who shot Liberty Valence, he was the bravest of them all", which sure isn't the Stewart character.

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I assume that the Gene Pitney song was a radio hit; I don't remember. James Taylor remade it for an 80's album, but his version lacked the "punch" of the Pitney original.

The Pitney original was a kind of whip-cracking macho version in the "Blazing Saddles" theme song tradition, with a touch of "country rock." I expect it was not put in the movie because the movie is a much more melancholy, sad and bitter tale. The song is almost a joke on the film's false premise: how Brave Jimmy Stewart faced up to Evil Liberty Valance at the Big Showdown, and killed him dead.

That said, the score for the actual movie TMWSLV is rather old-fashioned and downright creaky. This is why John Ford was phased out of movies and Hitchcock was not: Hitchcock stayed modern. Psycho was VERY modern. Though even Hitchcock made the brutal choice to part ways with "old fashioned" Bernard Herrmann eventually(on Torn Curtain). I don't support that betrayal of Herrmann by Hitchcock, but I understand it. He was using Paul Newman, not James Stewart now. Herrmann had to go...

PS. I have a memory of the Foreward to a book by Peter Bogdanovich called "Pieces of Time"(based on a great quote by James Stewart that movies are "pieces of time." They are.) Anyway, the foreward was written by Bogdo's Esquire editor and it opened: "Now, I've always felt that The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance is a lousy movie. But not my friend Peter Bogdanovich...."

Ouch. And that editor was wrong....

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I always knew the twists in advance too....Maybe because of that I always heard the title TMWSLV as having a hidden/silent question-mark, TM?WSLV, i.e., as essentially equivalent to 'Who Shot Liberty Valance?',

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Ha. Like every week's title on "Burkes Law": "Who Killed the Fat Cat?" "Who Killed the Lady in Red?" etc.

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flagging that appearances could be/probably are deceiving, with Wayne as prime suspect for the real shooter.

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Stewart is built "down" as so incapable of besting Valance that I doubt people much believed he really did it. Though the shooting is well timed; Stewart DOES fire on Valance and Valance is hit(by Wayne) at the same time. (Of course, in a flashback at the end, we get the showdown restaged from Wayne's vantage point -- and Wayne uses a RIFLE to do it!)

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Growing up as a film buff too, The Searchers loomed large in my image of both Ford and Wayne (larger than it did for most audiences in 1962 I'd wager), and Miles was in The Searchers too, so it just made sense that in TMWSLV Wayne would be playing another version of or extension of Ethan Edwards who can't come into the house at the end, who's a brutal, racist killer estranged from family life, and from the coming civilized west more generally. And TMWSLV didn't disappoint: even more than EE in The Searchers Wayne's character in TMWSLV is explicitly a walking moral proposition.

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A walking moral proposition. Great line! Yes, the ties to The Searchers are there, to be sure, though I think Wayne's Tom Doniphon is a slightly "softer" version of EE. Wayne is clearly a tougher guy and better shot than Stewart, but there 's a scene where Wayne disrupts Stewart's school class and callously tells his black helper Pompey(Woody Strode) to leave the schoolroom and get back to work, where we realize Wayne isn't THAT nice a guy.

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He may be the hero the Post-Frontier West deserves, but he's not the one it needs right now,

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Another analogy to The Searchers and Wayne walking out on family at the end.

Like -- Psycho! -- TMWSLV is astonishing in how short and sweet and simple it is on the one hand, yet how profound on the other.

A thematic point clearly made by TMWSLV is that without a tough sharpshooter like John Wayne to ENFORCE the law, Stewart's naive dependence ON the law is...powerless. Liberty Valance knows that, telling Stewart "You've been hiding behind (Wayne's) gun for too long!" This is why society has police forces, and raises an army. Somebody has to be strong and able to use lethal force against evil.

A side thought I've always had about TMWSLV: What if Valance simply shot Wayne in the back one night? In other words, what if John Wayne and his enforcement powers were removed from that town? Without Wayne to protect them, the townspeople looked like a pretty weak and frail bunch, easily overpowered. (The town sheriff was a literal, worthless joke: cowardly Andy Devine. Doniphon wouldn't take the job, anymore that he would run for office like Stewart does. A loner.) I suppose Valance and his corrupt backers knew that if he killed Wayne, "outside law enforcers" would be brought in to make things worse for Valance. Just a supposition on my part.

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He may be the hero the Post-Frontier West deserves, but he's not the one it needs right now, Stewart/Harvey Dent is (Print the Legend). He's a silent guardian. A watchful protector. A Dark Knight.

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Now that's a nifty analogy. The Bruce Wayne/Harvey Dent split in The Dark Knight always had some of that same frustration to it. With Harvey being hailed as a hero and yet having to be driven around like a powerless patsy in a police wagon to avoid being killed by the Joker, while policemen died trying to protect him and Batman had to save him. And the really excruciating ending of Batman voluntarily being willing to be cast as a "vigilante villain" to keep order. (Not to mention, Bruce Wayne willing to act like a spoiled rich kid putz to keep HIS identity secret.)

Time to pull out a saucer of milk for the catty me, here: I never bought, in The Dark Knight, how two handsome, powerful and/or rich men like Bruce Wayne and Harvey Dent could be competing for a woman who was as unattractive as Maggie Gyllenhaal. Mean thing to say but - these actors get paid the big bucks. I thought her casting was rather perverse. She's a good actress, but the role called for a real beauty. Not that that got in the way of a billion dollar box office.

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Anyhow, it would definitely be worth asking around on TMWSLV and other Ford/Wayne boards for people who saw TMWSLV in 1962/3 to see whether the title felt as leading to them then as it did to me in the mid '80s, and whether they always guessed the twist so never really even saw it as one (of course Wayne would have to be Batman!).

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I fear that has to be a hypothetical question -- hard to find viewers from that era who would have memories of being fooled -- or not -- about who shot Liberty Valance.

I know this about myself: I am sure that I would have been fooled by the Psycho twist, maybe fooled by the Liberty Valance twist. Because I KNOW I was fooled by just about every other twist I ever saw: The Sting, The Sixth Sense, The Crying Game, etc. I'm quite naïve about these things.

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Spoilers, man, WTF!

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