The story is one of struggle and defeat, but the old man probably gained much newfound respect among his peers and his villages. So did he lose or win?
shareShort answer... Both.
He lost in the literal sence because inspite of his efforts the sharks ate the Marlin. But he won because he remained undefeated, "A man may be destroyed, but never defeated" he remains true to himself and his philosophy.
He lost, but he also endured, which considering the powerful obstacles, the trial he dealt with, is a form of winning.
Did you make coffee...? Make it!--Cheyenne.
The old man's saga was a net positive experience. He ended his streak of bad luck, thus allowing the boy to rejoin him on future fishing excursions. He regained respect among his fellow villagers, and some meat was recoverable near the head of the great marlin.
Rest in peace, Roger Ebert. You were the best.