Spencer Tracy as Dan Roman


The High and the Mighty became one of John Wayne's signature roles -- its theme song was played upon his entrance at his last public appearance, the 1978 Academy Awards ceremony held in April, 1979, just two months before his death. So it's fascinating to learn that the role of Dan Roman was originally to have been played, not by the Duke, but by none other than Spencer Tracy, the man widely admired as the finest actor of his day.

Although Wayne's company produced the film, Wayne himself had not intended to star in it. Wayne-Fellows Productions instead acquired Tracy on loan from his home studio of MGM to play the role of the aging co-pilot Dan Roman. However, just before filming was to begin, Tracy decided the project would be too strenuous for him and dropped out. (There may have been other reasons for Tracy quitting the picture.) With a deadline looming and the need to keep costs under control, Wayne decided to jump in and play the part himself. The rest is cinematic history.

But when I found this out it explained a lot to me. Throughout the film people talk of Roman as being old (he flew in the First World War in 1917); there are remarks like not knowing the airline was so hard up for co-pilots, of his being a relic and an ancient pelican and so on. Yet throughout Wayne looks like what he was: a vigorous, hale and hearty 47-year-old in good health, who, among other things, was just ten years old in 1917. Nothing was done to affect Wayne's appearance and make him look older (as was done so successfully in Red River and She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, two of his best performances), which makes all the talk about him being old and over the hill all the more baffling. Even as a kid, I was always puzzled by these repeated references to Wayne's decrepitness. Whatever his other issues, Wayne's Dan Roman didn't look the least bit old or antiquated.

But Spencer Tracy did look the part. In 1954 Tracy was 54 years old and already looking older than his years (while Wayne, at 47, could still pass for a few years younger). A lifetime of drinking and brawling had aged Tracy and given him the lined, weatherbeaten look that would have suited the character of Dan Roman as it was written. His appearance would certainly have been in keeping with all the comments made about Roman's long career and being out of date.

And, of course, no one could fault Tracy's acting. Appearances aside, his take on Dan Roman would have been quite unique, I think -- very different from the more forceful, physically impressive Wayne.

Don't get me wrong -- I think Wayne did a great job in this movie. But they really should have done something to make him look as old and worn as the script keeps insisting he is. With Tracy, that crucial aspect, at least, would have presented no problem. Plus it would have been interesting to see a star of Tracy's magnitude and reputation dwarfing all the supporting and character actors who filled the ranks of The High and the Mighty.

Incidentally, this was not the first or last time Wayne had to step into the lead in a film his company was producing. In 1953 he had taken over the title role in Hondo after Glenn Ford walked out because he had vowed he would never work with director John Farrow again. In 1955, Wayne assumed the lead role in Blood Alley after Robert Mitchum either pushed the production manager into San Francisco Bay, or for some other run-in with director William A. Wellman. (Time has obscured the details.) But Wayne was an obvious fit for those two roles. Much less so for The High and the Mighty.

What would this film have been like with Spencer Tracy? As good? As legendary? As memorable?

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Fascinating post, which poses as interesting "What if?" I agee with you that Tracy would have been wonderful to see in this role. I have heard two versions of why he dropped out- one that he felt the script was bad, and the other that friends warned him he would be in for an ego twisting experience with the director. So we will never know for sure but I can imagine him playing thirole with more on screen emtion than Wayne. Sort of "Hot to Wayne's cool treatment." It would have likely become a "Tracy" movie with all that is implied therein. Spencer was an actor for the ages and it damn sure would have been interesting. At the end I can imagine Tracy pulling out the picture in his pocket and smioing as he walks away.
For my money I thought Wayne was awesome in the role- you could see the intensity of grief in him. His spare economical approach, while not in the same league of acting as Tracy- was, in my opinion, perfect for the role

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I agree, Wayne did an excellent job with this role. My only problem, as I said above, is that he simply didn't look the part, as described in the movie itself -- ancient, worn out, has-been, old enough to have flown in the First World War, etc. He looked like what he was -- a vigorous 47-year-old. (Affecting Dan Roman's slight limp -- which usually isn't seen on screen anyway -- really doesn't alter that perception.) Since Wayne had played older men before, and very effectively, a little convincing make-up and "older man" mannerisms would have helped seal the characterization.

Tracy would have dominated the picture too, though in a much different way. He wasn't as physically imposing as the Duke but his personality was strong -- enough to overwhelm the rest of the cast. He would have been quite different in the role, and I'm sure excellent. Ultimately, though, I think Wayne may have been the better fit, but for his unconvincing physical appearance.

I saw on the trivia section here that another supposed reason for Tracy refusing the part was that, as a liberal Democrat opposed to the blacklist, he wouldn't work for Wayne's company. I've never heard that take on his withdrawal, and my understanding is that Tracy had accepted the role and backed out later, and frankly it doesn't quite sound right. Tracy's politics were well to the left of Wayne's, but both men worked with people of the opposite political persuasion with no problem, so I take this story with a large dose of salt.

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The new 2014 book on John Wayne by Scott Eyman speculates that one reason Tracy quit The High and the Mighty was that while he took lunch with director William Wellman and agreed to the role, both men remembered they had a fistfight over Loretta Young 20 years before, and Tracy evidently felt guilt over it.

John Wayne's company was producing and Wayne then tried to get Gary Cooper or Henry Fonda for the lead, but both said no. So Wayne "had to" take the lead, he felt. (You ever notice how little he's IN it? A lot of footage is devoted to the passengers.)

This happened again some years later when Robert Mitchum was filming "Blood Alley" for Wayne's production company and Mitchum threw a studio mogul off a ship into a river. Mitchum quit, Wayne took the role in his own production company's movie. (Pretty cool how John Wayne's company at least had one big star it could ALWAYS hire for roles.) Finally, this happened(sort of) with The Alamo, as Wayne was forced by his investors to take a lead(he chose Davy Crockett) rather than the cameo he planned as Sam Houston.

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Things reversed a bit years later, when John Ford first offered John Wayne the lead in "The Last Hurrah," (Wayne didn't think he was right for it, but considered doing it for Ford), but eventually gave it to much better(old guy) casting: Spencer Tracy.

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The book on Wayne notes that Wayne had cast Bob Cummings as the pilot(because Bob Cummnigs WAS a pilot), but Wellman overruled Wayne and hired Bob Stack. MGM wouldn't loan out Keenan Wynn and Lionel Barrymore for roles that went to Sidney Blackmer and Paul Fix. A whole bunch of actresses(including Bette Davis and Barbara Stanwyck) turned down the female leads as too small.

Lumbering and square "The High and the Mighty" may look today, but in 1954, it took in $8.1 million at the box office on a budget of $1.4...almost eight times its cost! And much of that went right into John Wayne's pocket as star and production company owner.

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I've been wanting to get Eyman's book but keep forgetting to. Thanks for the reference -- it sounds good.

I vaguely recall hearing about Fonda as a possible replacement for Tracy, but not Cooper. Interesting. I think the trouble you mention that Wayne had about getting bigger names also affected the lead -- THATM was an ensemble piece and no one got a lot of screen time. The "names" needed to feed their egos. Stack desperately wanted the role and talked to Wellman but Cummings had as you say already been hired. Stack showed up in Wellman's office again a couple of days later, having not shaved or slept much, looking disheveled and a bit out of it. Wellman was impressed and got him the role, which was a critical boost to Stack's career at a time when it was fading. I think Stack was better for the part.

On the other films you mentioned, I did write in my OP about how Wayne ended up starring in Blood Alley. I heard the person Mitchum shoved into San Francisco Bay was the production designer, Alfred Ybarra, but this story is disputed. It more likely was simply a case of Mitchum and Wellman just not getting along. (They had had trouble filming Track of the Cat the year before, also for Wayne's company.) On that film Wayne first offered the role to Bacall's husband, Humphrey Bogart, but Bogey wanted too much money. Bacall then recommended her close friend Gregory Peck but Peck didn't like the script and declined. Only then did Wayne finally take it. It was a good role for him.

But John Wayne in The Last Hurrah? That, I never heard. Thank God he declined the part. Apart from the fact that Tracy was absolutely ideal for the role, I can think of few actors less suited for it than the Duke. Wayne would have been an unmitigated disaster as Skeffington...one of those, "What were they thinking?" moments.

Yes, Wayne profited enormously from The High and the Mighty...then lost it all and more with the massive cost overruns on the mini-fiasco that was The Alamo six years later.

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I've been wanting to get Eyman's book but keep forgetting to. Thanks for the reference -- it sounds good.
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I found it a very good read. It is admiring of Wayne(particularly his rather lawyerly intelligence about arguing for business deals...even as, eventually, the dream project of The Alamo broke him and left him struggling for years after even with huge paychecks).

It also gets into a LOT of casting stories which -- as I know from reading a lot of books about the same actors or directors -- sometimes conflict with other books renditions.

One of the most fascinating stories comes in the 70's near the end of Wayne's career. Clint Eastwood optioned a script called "The Hostiles" for he and Wayne to co-star in. I'd heard that Eastwood wanted to work with Wayne but this book gets into the details of the script -- Eastwood as a gambler who wins Wayne's ranch and then gives it back and rides to help Wayne defend it at the end. But Wayne just kept turning it down, two or three times(one time, he threw the script into the ocean off his "Wild Goose" converted minesweeper.) Its pretty clear that Wayne didn't want to share his star with Eastwood at that late date, but from Wayne's perspective, Wayne really didn't like the sex-and-violence soaked "High Plains Drifter" and probably didn't see Eastwood's type of movie as right for him. Anyway: The Hostiles, one of those "great movies that was never made."

The book also gets into the 70's story of how "Lonesome Dove" began life with a different title and intended by director Peter Bogdanovich to star Wayne(in the Tommy Lee Jones role), James Stewart(in the Duvall role), Henry Fonda(in the Robert Urich role.) Everybody but Wayne said yes -- and the studios wouldn't bankroll it without Wayne. (OTHER books have indicated that Bogdanovich's amour Cybill Shepard and "Whats Up Doc" pal Ryan O'Neal would have taken the younger roles.)

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I vaguely recall hearing about Fonda as a possible replacement for Tracy, but not Cooper. Interesting. I think the trouble you mention that Wayne had about getting bigger names also affected the lead -- THATM was an ensemble piece and no one got a lot of screen time. The "names" needed to feed their egos.

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Makes sense. Again -- having just watched "The High and the Mighty" -- I was surprised by how often John Wayne is offscreen (much of the film is given over to the passengers and their flashbacks.)

Still, Wayne had great business instincts back then. He obviously saw the ensemble story of HIgh and the Mighty as the REAL draw of the movie -- the reason it would gross eight times its cost.

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Stack desperately wanted the role and talked to Wellman but Cummings had as you say already been hired. Stack showed up in Wellman's office again a couple of days later, having not shaved or slept much, looking disheveled and a bit out of it. Wellman was impressed and got him the role, which was a critical boost to Stack's career at a time when it was fading. I think Stack was better for the part.

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The Eyeman book doesn't get into that detail about Stack's campaign(that's why its great to have multiple books or chapters out there to compare, I guess.)

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On the other films you mentioned, I did write in my OP about how Wayne ended up starring in Blood Alley. I heard the person Mitchum shoved into San Francisco Bay was the production designer, Alfred Ybarra, but this story is disputed. It more likely was simply a case of Mitchum and Wellman just not getting along.

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Sorry, I skimmed your OP the first time. Read it again and you got it right. (I "fudged" my knowledge of WHO Mitchum threw off.) By the way, the Eyeman book makes the case that Mitchum and Wayne really liked each other, enjoyed doing El Dorado together and -- as a "pair" -- crashed a Hollywood welcoming party for Barbra Streisand, saying they just had to meet her, which is funny. (And predictive: Babs gave Wayne his Best Actor Oscar for True Grit.)

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(They had had trouble filming Track of the Cat the year before, also for Wayne's company.) On that film Wayne first offered the role to Bacall's husband, Humphrey Bogart, but Bogey wanted too much money. Bacall then recommended her close friend Gregory Peck but Peck didn't like the script and declined. Only then did Wayne finally take it. It was a good role for him.

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Well, as I noted "upstream," it seems that John Wayne kept having to step in to his "producer only" movies, but I guess not ALL the time: Mitchum WAS in Track of the Cat, and the Eyeman book discusses one that started AND finished with Glenn Ford in the lead.

We're also reminded how many different male stars are always available in any era and how the casting can shift: Bogie to Peck to Mitchum to Wayne.

Speaking of Spencer Tracy, with his prematurely aged appearance, for awhile he was courted for "The Magnificent Seven" as the leader of the Seven, because in the source movie, Kurosawa's "Seven Samarai" -- the leader WAS a white-haired old man. Tracy was the automatic choice for the American remake, but soon the concept morphed into the younger and more virile Yul Brynner.

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But John Wayne in The Last Hurrah? That, I never heard. Thank God he declined the part. Apart from the fact that Tracy was absolutely ideal for the role, I can think of few actors less suited for it than the Duke. Wayne would have been an unmitigated disaster as Skeffington...one of those, "What were they thinking?" moments.

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Indeed. Perhaps John Ford was simply having trouble casting the tricky role -- a politician wasn't much of a hero part even back then. Also, Spencer Tracy was notorious for backing out of roles. He almost did it with "Bad Day at Black Rock" until told that they had Alan Ladd lined up...THAT got his competitive juices flowing and he was back in.

Three other Wayne casting stories:

ONE: "The Commancheros" began as a Gary Cooper/Burt Lancaster project -- a "Vera Cruz" reunion. Then Cooper died. Wayne went in; Lancaster backed out. Charlton Heston was considered for awhile, but didn't want to take second billing. Some OTHER actor got the other role, but Stuart Whitman personally campaigned for it with Wayne(Whitman was working with director Michael Curtiz who was going to do The Commancheros and was dissatisfied with Wayne's co-star.) Whitman persuaded Wayne to drop the other actor and got the part.

TWO: Wayne kept trying to secure Rod Taylor as a co-star. Taylor signed for "Circus World" but dropped out when he found the role "non-existent." Wayne campaigned for Rod Taylor to be his co-star in The War Wagon, but Universal wanted Kirk Douglas, a bigger star with a Universal contract. Wayne finally practically shoehorned Taylor into "The Train Robbers" by having more scenes written for the character.

THREE: Richard Boone was the first and great choice for the evil villain in "Big Jake," but Gene Hackman was next on the list.

Etc etc etc.

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Yes, Wayne profited enormously from The High and the Mighty...then lost it all and more with the massive cost overruns on the mini-fiasco that was The Alamo six years later

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The Eyeman book shows how Wayne became SO obsessive over making an epic film of The Alamo that he set up a string of deals that kept paying back other people and putting his money on the line. The film practically broke him and he was paying it off to United Artists for years.

And the casting stories were interesting. Frank Sinatra wanted to play Travis, but wasn't available when production was to begin. And, to secure a cameo star to play Sam Houston, Wayne led a group to meet with his protégé James Arness, then hot from Gunsmoke(with Wayne's help) but "Arness took a powder" and didn't show up for the meeting. Wayne turned to TV director Andy MacLauglin and said "get that other guy you work with on that other show you do" and...Richard "Have Gun, Will Travel" Boone ended up as Houston.

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Great post as usual, ecarle. A few thoughts....

I never specifically heard of The Hostiles but something jogs a dim memory of hearing that Eastwood and Wayne were to have starred together back then. It's interesting because I've always considered Eastwood, broadly speaking of course, as the closest actor we had to Wayne from the late 70s through the 90s. Obviously there's the western connection but the sort of iconic figure Eastwood became is somewhat reminiscent of Wayne, though no one was ever bigger or more iconic than the Duke. It's too bad they never worked together. If it was Wayne's decision it's a shame he let his ego get in the way -- or perhaps he was worried about the comparison as his career was dimming a bit while Clint's was growing.

Everyone talks about how appropriate it was that Wayne's final film was The Shootist because of its subject matter, and it was, but what people forget is that at the time no one expected it to be Wayne's swan song. He was still in good health in 1976 and there were other projects on the table. But for various reasons none was ever realized. I think he had one or two more left in him, but it is just too sadly appropriate for him to have ended on The Shootist.

I had heard that Lonesome Dove was originally intended as a theatrical film but don't remember having read any details...though here again for some reason something tells me I did once hear of its once having been intended as a vehicle for Wayne. I may have read something about that when the series finally aired.

Like you I love these stories of alternate casting, production and the like. It's fun to see who was offered or considered for a role and to speculate on how a film would have turned out with others in the cast.

But I never heard of Tracy being offered The Magnificent Seven. His unsuitability for the role aside, he was 60 and in increasingly bad physical shape. Not a good idea. But I'm sure the reason his name was raised is that he and the film's producer-director, John Sturges, were old pals. Sturges had helmed several pictures with Tracy at MGM, climaxing with Bad Day at Black Rock, and Tracy later got Sturges to replace Fred Zinnemann on a most unlikely Struges project, The Old Man and the Sea. They knew and liked each other and perhaps if Tracy had been a decade younger it might have worked (though even then I have my doubts). Still, in that light the idea wasn't as inexplicable as it might otherwise appear. Some directors always thought first of casting their actor pals in roles they really weren't suited for, as for example Howard Hawks did with Cary Grant.

(I do have to differ with you about the lead samurai in Seven Samurai. That character was not "an old man". A seasoned one, but not old -- he was physically more capable than the rest. The actor who played him, Takashi Shimura, was 49 in 1954 but obviously very vigorous. Curiously, while his part was the cognate of the later Brynner starring role, he was the second lead below Toshiro Mifune, who had what became the Steve McQueen character; yet McQueen was third in TMS's cast.)

I've often wondered if the bigger stars who turned down roles in The High and the Mighty ever regretted it once the film was such a huge hit. I suspect so, particularly those (like Stanwyck or Crawford) whose careers were beginning to slip a little. Even in a smallish part, it never hurts to be in a hit.

Though I've read that making it was exceedingly tedious -- because of the nature and structure of the film, the actors had to sit for long hours in the cabin scenes not doing anything while someone else's scenes were being shot. In watching it I've thought about that. Quite often the others are just sitting in the background basically doing nothing.

On the other hand, Wayne-Fellows certainly took in more profits by having to use lesser names. The company paid them much less than they would have a top star, and no profit-sharing of course, so there must have been hundreds of thousands if not perhaps a million in savings even before the picture came out!

Actually, I'm pretty sure Wayne only had to step in to take over roles in his company's films on those three occasions: Hondo, The High and the Mighty and Blood Alley. His company made a lot of films with other actors. The film Glenn Ford was in was Plunder of the Sun, on which he had such a bad time with director John Farrow that he backed out of Hondo. Randolph Scott was in Seven Men From Now, which fortuitously united him with Budd Boetticher, but I wonder whether one reason Wayne shied away from that role was that he had hired his ex-girlfriend Gail Russell to play the female lead and didn't want any on-set issues with her, since she was on a downward spiral by then. There were several others, such as Goodbye, My Lady.

It also occurs to me that Robert Stack had earlier starred in a W-F film, Bullfighter and the Lady in 1951, which might have given him a boost for THATM. Have you seen that one? Boetticher directed it too. It was severely cut some time after its release but has been restored and is a very good film indeed. It's also the movie that introduced Boetticher to bullfighting, which would have disastrous consequences for him and his career a decade later.

I did know about The Comancheros. It had been kicking around for a while before finally being made. It does seem the sort of film that deserved two top stars in the leads rather than one, yet on the other hand it's such a great western (one of my favorites) that the casting seems natural. I think what really makes it work is that there's great chemistry between Wayne and Whitman -- they really do match perfectly. Too bad they never made another picture together, not counting their co-starring parts (albeit mostly together) in The Longest Day. Incidentally, I've read that while Darryl Zanuck paid every other actor an equal sum ($25,000) for their participation in that film, he had to shell out ten times that amount ($250,000) to get Duke, allegedly because Wayne had been infuriated by a supposed remark of Zanuck's that he (Wayne) had had some nerve to think he could direct The Alamo!

Although Wayne and Mitchum only worked together once (El Dorado -- again, not counting their mutual participation, but with no scenes together, in The Longest Day), they were the original choices by Howard Hawks for the leads in The Big Sky. For various reasons that didn't pan out, but here too I like the film as it is.

I knew some but not all the things you mention about The Alamo. About Wayne's original intent not to star, yes. I think also UA wanted him as the lead to make the film more "box-office". I hadn't heard about James Arness, whose behavior sounds if nothing else ungrateful considering Wayne recommended him for Gunsmoke, and even did an on-air intro for the series when it premiered in 1955.

I also hadn't heard about Sinatra, though he might have been good. One reason he may have had a problem is that same year Sinatra optioned a script called "The Execution of Private Slovik" and intended to produce and star in it. I'm sure you know the story -- about the only American soldier executed for desertion in WWII. When Wayne heard about it he became furious at what he considered an attempt to make a martyr out of someone he considered a coward (interesting coming from someone who didn't fight in WWII) and used his influence to squelch any film deal. Even Sinatra couldn't stand up against Duke's pressure and eventually dropped the whole idea. It was finally made in 1974 as one of the few acclaimed made-for-TV movies, with Martin Sheen. By then Duke didn't have the muscle to stop it, or maybe he didn't care since it was only made for television...one reason he had turned down Gunsmoke.

One funny story about casting The Alamo is that in 1959 Sonny Tufts announced that he was campaigning for the role of Jim Bowie in that upcoming film, "The same way," he told the press, "that Frank Sinatra campaigned for the role of Maggio in From Here to Eternity." Naturally, he didn't get it. In their book "The Golden Turkey Awards" the Medved brothers remarked that maybe Sonny should have put a horse's head in the producer's bed!

Finally, if I may make a book recommendation for you: I knew about Rod Taylor (whom I've always liked), and how he kept missing out on working with Wayne, after reading the biography "An Aussie in Hollywood" about Rod's career, in Australia and then America. I was always sorry Taylor never quite made it to the top, as he seemed likely to do for a time in the 60s, despite his talent. The bio is quite frank in reporting on Taylor's negatives -- his ego, sometimes disregardful approach to his work, his trouble with other actors, his sexism, and his harming his career by ultimately insisting on action roles to ones that might have broadened his appeal. Yet in its way it's a sympathetic bio, more regretful than critical in its tone about these things. Rod wanted to work with Wayne but his own sense of self kept getting in the way. I guess it's a tribute to Duke's regard for him (as well as his persistence) that they finally got to work together. But by then Taylor's career was waning (so to speak) and working with the Duke no longer had the impact on his career it might have had a few years earlier.

Anyway, I can recommend this book, especially since it's about an actor who's often been overlooked if not neglected. I got it on Amazon. Paperback and a bit pricey but to me worth it. Sorry, the author's name doesn't come to mind but the title is all you need.

Incidentally, Circus World was supposed to have been directed by none other than Frank Capra. But when Capra arrived in Spain he found the script being heavily rewritten by James Edward Grant, as you know one of Duke's favorite screenwriters, who told Capra that on a Wayne picture all you needed was to allow Duke to play himself and have women with "big tits". Not surprisingly, Capra decided this was not the picture he'd signed up for and left the project, which is how Henry Hathaway got it. It's also probably another reason the film flopped. (Another aborted Capra project, and to me the most amazingly unlikely one, was Marooned in 1969. Ultimately that too came apart, and Capra was replaced by -- John Sturges. Sooner or later, it seems everyone gets his turn in Hollywood!)

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Thank you for the compliment!

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I never specifically heard of The Hostiles but something jogs a dim memory of hearing that Eastwood and Wayne were to have starred together back then. It's interesting because I've always considered Eastwood, broadly speaking of course, as the closest actor we had to Wayne from the late 70s through the 90s. Obviously there's the western connection but the sort of iconic figure Eastwood became is somewhat reminiscent of Wayne, though no one was ever bigger or more iconic than the Duke. It's too bad they never worked together. If it was Wayne's decision it's a shame he let his ego get in the way -- or perhaps he was worried about the comparison as his career was dimming a bit while Clint's was growing.

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I once saw John Wayne being interviewed on television in the early seventies and being asked if he saw anyone taking his place. He hesitated for a bit and then said "well, I think this young fellow Clint Eastwood is certainly making his mark." So he WAS aware and appreciative of Eastwood.

But evidently not enough to want to work with him. Eastwood himself had said he'd tried to work with Wayne, but I didn't realize until I read the Eyeman book how HARD Eastwood did this, how he actually optioned a property -- paid money for it -- and repeatedly sent the script to Wayne. (Wayne is quoted as holding the script and saying "oh, no, THIS piece of blank again" before throwing it off the Wild Goose.

Wayne likely had too much ego to share the screen with a man he saw as his replacement -- for Wayne had certainly shared the screen with "Era peer" co-stars in recent years: Robert Mitchum and Dean Martin and Rock Hudson and Kirk Douglas, to name a few.

There are some ironies here. For HIS part, Eastwood had an ego, too, and after having to work with other, older stars for awhile(Richard Burton, Lee Marvin, Shirley MacLaine), he became a "lone wolf star" from The Beguiled to City Heat(where he finally teamed with Burt Reynolds, to no effect.) But Eastwood would have made an exception for John Wayne. It hurts to think we didn't get that movie just because Wayne said "no."

Also, Eastwood himself noted later that while he admired John Wayne on the screen, he actually saw his OWN Western role model as...James Stewart! Eastwood identified with the neurotic loners Stewart played in his Anthony Mann Westerns. When you think of it, John Wayne was probably more of a "warm, uncle-ish type" of big guy than the nasty-edged Eastwood on the screen.

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Everyone talks about how appropriate it was that Wayne's final film was The Shootist because of its subject matter, and it was, but what people forget is that at the time no one expected it to be Wayne's swan song. He was still in good health in 1976 and there were other projects on the table. But for various reasons none was ever realized. I think he had one or two more left in him, but it is just too sadly appropriate for him to have ended on The Shootist.

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I akin John Wayne with The Shootist in 1976 to Alfred Hitchcock(as a director) with Family Plot in 1976. Both movies FELT like they should be "final films," but both Wayne and Hitchcock lived on and gave interviews about new projects they were working on. Hitchcock developed a spy movie called "The Short Night" and Wayne was trying to prepare a "family Western" called "Beau John," with Ron Howard agreeing to play his son.

But actually health DID eventually get both Wayne and Hitchcock. Each man's final film is in 1976, and they died less than a year apart -- Wayne in 1979 and Hitchcock in 1980. When the 80's came, Hitch and the Duke were gone.

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I had heard that Lonesome Dove was originally intended as a theatrical film but don't remember having read any details...though here again for some reason something tells me I did once hear of its once having been intended as a vehicle for Wayne. I may have read something about that when the series finally aired.

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That's another one where John Wayne himself seems to have been the key to the movie NOT happening. Stewart, Fonda, Cybill Shepard and Ryan O'Neal had all said "yes" to Bogdanovich, but without Wayne, Warners would not finance the movie, even with a "hot" director like Peter Bogdanovich at the helm. (Interesting, by the early seventies, Stewart and Fonda were aged stars with failed TV shows and NOT bankable; only Wayne of their set still was.)

Wayne told the press he felt that "Streets of Laredo" was too much "one of those End of the West things," and he didn't like that tone. Ironic: The Shootist was certainly and End of the West thing, with Wayne and "guest star" Stewart two old men talking about Wayne getting ready to LITERALLY die.

It is also said that John Ford convinced Wayne not to do the movie, maybe because he didn't like Peter Bogdanovich that much, EVEN THOUGH Bogdanovich had directed(in 1971) a documentary on Ford.

And there-in lies a tale with me in it, if I may(hey, I may not be around to tell it too many times in future years.)

In November of 1971, I lived near Los Angeles, I was a teenager, and my family had "friends of friends" who got us into a special Academy screening of the John Ford documentary. In attendance were Peter Bogdanovich(I got to shake his hand; he was in from the set of "What's Up Doc"), John Ford(a very old man with an eyepatch) and....John Wayne and James Stewart together.

Wayne and Stewart are my big memory from that night. When we sat in the theater watching the movie, I watched THEM,and here's the best thing I saw:

On the movie screen, James Stewart is being interviewed about "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" and talks about how Ford stopped shooting to humiliate him for saying that Woody Strode in old man make-up "Looked a little like Uncle Remus."

The whole theater erupted in laughter at this interview scene, but John Wayne was laughing so hard, he literally slapped Stewart on the back so hard Stewart's eyeglasses flew off into the aisle and Wayne had to retrieve them.

John Wayne was laughing and happy all through the screening, I expect he'd had a couple of tall ones, but it was great.

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Like you I love these stories of alternate casting, production and the like. It's fun to see who was offered or considered for a role and to speculate on how a film would have turned out with others in the cast.

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I think so. One realizes how often the first choice for a role WASN'T available, or turned it down, and one wonders about what the other movie would have been like.

Interesting about Rio Bravo: John Wayne was always to play John T. Chance, but look at this list(from Eyeman's book) of who was considered for the Dean Martin part of Dude other than Martin:

Frank Sinatra, Robert Mitchum, Spencer Tracy, James Cagney, Tony Curtis, Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas, Glenn Ford, Cary Grant, William Holden, Monty Clift, Henry Fonda, Van Johnson, and Richard Widmark.

In short, EVERYBODY. But Cary Grant always did want to do a Western, him opposite Wayne might have been something to see.

Spencer Tracy or James Cagney in the role would have added age to the mix; Tony Curtis would have been a bit TOO young.

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But I never heard of Tracy being offered The Magnificent Seven. His unsuitability for the role aside, he was 60 and in increasingly bad physical shape. Not a good idea. But I'm sure the reason his name was raised is that he and the film's producer-director, John Sturges, were old pals. Sturges had helmed several pictures with Tracy at MGM, climaxing with Bad Day at Black Rock, and Tracy later got Sturges to replace Fred Zinnemann on a most unlikely Struges project, The Old Man and the Sea.

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Well, the Tracy-Sturges connection certainly makes sense -- so often in Hollywood, certain stars do certain movies just to work with their friends.

As we know, from 1960 through his death in 1967, Spencer Tracy only made five films -- and four of them were for Stanley Kramer, who, Tracy said in the sixties was "the only guy willing to hire me"(Tracy's severe health problems made him near uninsurable.) The fifth film was a volcano movie with Frank Sinatra, a Tracy pal who none-the-less often was a no-show on the soundstage, leading Tracy to one day tell the press: "Today I played a scene opposite a wooden stick to look at that was standing in for my co-star, Frank Sinatra. I think the stick may have been a better actor to work with." Then Tracy laughed.

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(I do have to differ with you about the lead samurai in Seven Samurai. That character was not "an old man". A seasoned one, but not old -- he was physically more capable than the rest. The actor who played him, Takashi Shimura, was 49 in 1954 but obviously very vigorous.

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Oh, OK. I guess I just saw the "white hair" connection with Tracy.

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Curiously, while his part was the cognate of the later Brynner starring role, he was the second lead below Toshiro Mifune, who had what became the Steve McQueen character; yet McQueen was third in TMS's cast.)

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Interesting. Well, McQueen was billed third I think because at the time Eli Wallach(the villainous Caldera) was the bigger name.

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I've often wondered if the bigger stars who turned down roles in The High and the Mighty ever regretted it once the film was such a huge hit.

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Probably. The world of Hollywood actors, directors, and studio executives can lead to a lot of stomach acid being burned I would guess. They say "no" to certain scripts and watch them become blockbusters and watch OTHER actors win Oscars for their roles. (Though Bette Midler once graciously said of Kathy Bates winning the Oscar for the psycho role in "Misery" that she turned down: "If I had done it, maybe I would not have been good enough to win an Oscar.")

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I suspect so, particularly those (like Stanwyck or Crawford) whose careers were beginning to slip a little. Even in a smallish part, it never hurts to be in a hit.

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Yes, but as you note, stars of any magnitude don't want small parts unless -- said Charlton Heston -- they were in disaster movies. Said Heston, " You get big paychecks and top billing for a short part." And The High and the Mighty kinda WAS a disaster movie(an "averted disaster" movie.)

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Though I've read that making it was exceedingly tedious -- because of the nature and structure of the film, the actors had to sit for long hours in the cabin scenes not doing anything while someone else's scenes were being shot. In watching it I've thought about that. Quite often the others are just sitting in the background basically doing nothing.

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That's true. They have to be in the "background shots." Oh, well, they got paid to sit!

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On the other hand, Wayne-Fellows certainly took in more profits by having to use lesser names. The company paid them much less than they would have a top star, and no profit-sharing of course, so there must have been hundreds of thousands if not perhaps a million in savings even before the picture came out!

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Yep. Very astute. Generally, lesser stars can be used when the producers know they have a "surefire story" that IS the star. I think that's what happened here. Plus the odd bonus of Dimitri Tiomkin's music and theme song being so prominent, not unlike they were in "High Noon." You might say the score is a "star" in "The High and the Mighty." (As Bernard Herrmann's scores were for Vertigo and Psycho.)

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Actually, I'm pretty sure Wayne only had to step in to take over roles in his company's films on those three occasions: Hondo, The High and the Mighty and Blood Alley.

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OK. I'm known in my posts for "sweeping statements" for which I welcome clarification. Perhaps I meant that at least Wayne knew for ANY of the movies he produced, he was the one star who would say "yes" to a script if he had to(as long as the role fit; and it sounds like his company picked movies he could be in, even if he chose not to, as with Seven Men from Now. I think that was developed FOR Wayne for awhile, and then he said, "no, let's find somebody else to do it".)

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His company made a lot of films with other actors. The film Glenn Ford was in was Plunder of the Sun, on which he had such a bad time with director John Farrow that he backed out of Hondo.

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The Eyeman book gets into the terror of Wayne's production company over Ford suggesting he wanted something for playing the role in addition to a paycheck. They were worried it would be an expensive car, but it was something much smaller, I can't remember what.

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Randolph Scott was in Seven Men From Now, which fortuitously united him with Budd Boetticher, but I wonder whether one reason Wayne shied away from that role was that he had hired his ex-girlfriend Gail Russell to play the female lead and didn't want any on-set issues with her, since she was on a downward spiral by then.

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Hmm. Yes, there is a fair amount about Russell in the Eyeman book...but not that speculation on that movie.

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It also occurs to me that Robert Stack had earlier starred in a W-F film, Bullfighter and the Lady in 1951, which might have given him a boost for THATM. Have you seen that one? Boetticher directed it too. It was severely cut some time after its release but has been restored and is a very good film indeed. It's also the movie that introduced Boetticher to bullfighting, which would have disastrous consequences for him and his career a decade later.

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I have not seen The Bullfighter and the Lady, and I am intrigued: how did Boetticher's bullfighting interest damage his career?

The Eyeman book gets into how Boetticher developed a property for Wayne's Batjac production boss(his son Michael Wayne) in the seventies, one that Boettiecer thought he was going to get to direct, but wasn't, as it turned out. Then the whole movie fell apart and NOBODY directed it!

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I did know about The Comancheros. It had been kicking around for a while before finally being made. It does seem the sort of film that deserved two top stars in the leads rather than one, yet on the other hand it's such a great western (one of my favorites) that the casting seems natural. I think what really makes it work is that there's great chemistry between Wayne and Whitman -- they really do match perfectly. Too bad they never made another picture together, not counting their co-starring parts (albeit mostly together) in The Longest Day.

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The book has some interesting stories on these points. Whitman was doing a Biblical with director Michael Curtiz and Curtiz told him that Wayne had an (un-named) male lead now cast, but that Curtiz felt that Whitman would be better casting for that role and should pester Wayne for the role.

So Whitman did, he went and saw Wayne personally and talked him into casting him. I've read in ANOTHER book that the second lead was to go to Anthony Perkins. Which would be ironic: Stuart Whitman had been cast opposite Perkins in "Psycho" but superagent Lew Wasserman pushed Hitchcock to cast his protégé John Gavin instead. It's like musical chairs!

As for "The Longest Day," Whitman wasn't originally cast in the picture, but came on the European location to deliver a box of cigars to Zanuck while Zanuck was personally directing Wayne's scenes. Zanuck thanked Whitman for the cigars and said, "hey, you want to be in scenes with Duke?" and they wrote some stuff in for Whitman and he was cast on the spot!

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Incidentally, I've read that while Darryl Zanuck paid every other actor an equal sum ($25,000) for their participation in that film, he had to shell out ten times that amount ($250,000) to get Duke, allegedly because Wayne had been infuriated by a supposed remark of Zanuck's that he (Wayne) had had some nerve to think he could direct The Alamo!

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Yep. That whole story is in the book. Pretty funny. Zanuck is insulting Wayne not only for directing The Alamo but for representing the "new kind of movie star" who was taking over production. And then he needed Wayne for The Longest Day and Wayne took his penance.

Noteable(given our theme of alternate casting): Zanuck wanted Wayne for the role that Robert Mitchum ultimately played, and had cast William Holden for the role Wayne ended up playing. Holden backed out, Wayne wanted that role...Mitchum happily took the other.

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Although Wayne and Mitchum only worked together once (El Dorado -- again, not counting their mutual participation, but with no scenes together, in The Longest Day), they were the original choices by Howard Hawks for the leads in The Big Sky. For various reasons that didn't pan out, but here too I like the film as it is.

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Here's another: Howard Hawks' "Hatari" was originally planned as a two-star movie: John Wayne and Clark Gable. But Gable died before production could begin and Paramount decided the African filming schedule was too expensive for a second star, after all. So Wayne carried the movie.

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I knew some but not all the things you mention about The Alamo. About Wayne's original intent not to star, yes. I think also UA wanted him as the lead to make the film more "box-office". I hadn't heard about James Arness, whose behavior sounds if nothing else ungrateful considering Wayne recommended him for Gunsmoke, and even did an on-air intro for the series when it premiered in 1955.

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I thought EXACTLY about Arness's ingratitude when I read that chapter, because earlier in the book, it is indeed recounted that Wayne was offered Gunsmoke first, instead recommended Arness, and did that intro. In short, Wayne made Arness the ultra-rich TV star he became(richer than Wayne, for doing less work.)

Maybe that bothered Arness in some way. No matter. Richard Boone was more charismatic..he had movie star bona fides.

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I also hadn't heard about Sinatra, though he might have been good.

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The book contends that Sinatra approached Wayne, and that Sinatra was actually quite well-read on The Alamo and Travis in particular.

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One reason he may have had a problem is that same year Sinatra optioned a script called "The Execution of Private Slovik" and intended to produce and star in it. I'm sure you know the story -- about the only American soldier executed for desertion in WWII. When Wayne heard about it he became furious at what he considered an attempt to make a martyr out of someone he considered a coward (interesting coming form someone who didn't fight in WWII) and used his influence to squelch any film deal. Even Sinatra couldn't stand up against Duke's pressure and eventually dropped the whole idea. It was finally made in 1974 as one of the few acclaimed made-for-TV movies, with Martin Sheen. By then Duke didn't have the muscle to stop it, or maybe he didn't care since it was only made for television...one reason he had turned down Gunsmoke.

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As I recall, the "Slovik" screenplay was written by one of the blacklisted screenwriters, and even though 1960 saw one of them -- Dalton Trumbo --given credits on Spartacus(and Exodus? or was that somebody else), Sinatra dropped "Slovik"(among other reasons) because he was supporting JFK for President and didn't want to cause political trouble.

There was bad blood between Wayne and Sinatra on the blacklist issues that I've read about elsewhere, it seems odd that Sinatra would approach Wayne to be in The Alamo. But movie stars can be tempestuous in their likes and dislikes. The book notes that in the sixties, the Conservative Wayne often worked with more liberal co-stars like Kirk Douglas and directors like Otto Preminger, so the deal was cut: no political talk allowed.

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One funny story about casting The Alamo is that in 1959 Sonny Tufts announced that he was campaigning for the role of Jim Bowie in that upcoming film, "The same way," he told the press, "that Frank Sinatra campaigned for the role of Maggio in From Here to Eternity." Naturally, he didn't get it. In their book "The Golden Turkey Awards" the Medved brothers remarked that maybe Sonny should have put a horse's head in the producer's bed!

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Ha. I always felt that one problem for Sonny Tufts was his NAME: Sonny Tufts.
It just SOUNDED funny, and even after his career faded, comics were STILL using his name as a punch-line.

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Finally, if I may make a book recommendation for you: I knew about Rod Taylor (whom I've always liked), and how he kept missing out on working with Wayne, after reading the biography "An Aussie in Hollywood" about Rod's career, in Australia and then America. I was always sorry Taylor never quite made it to the top, as he seemed likely to do for a time in the 60s, despite his talent.

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I was and am a big Rod Taylor fan. As I post this, he is still alive and sometimes gives interviews making great fun -- in his current "gnarled old man" persona - of his macho sixties second-tier stardom.

His last role to date was tiny -- Winston Churchill in Quentin Tarantino's "Inglorious Basterds" but you could SEE AND HEAR Rod Taylor in that old man. It was a great "bit," fitting if it is to be his last role.

It always interested me that Rod Taylor's star career was almost entirely "locked in" to the sixties. His first big hit was The Time Machine in 1960, and he moved back to television in 1971 with the show "Bearcats." In between, he was a movie star. (Unfortunately, when Wayne finally cast Taylor in The Train Robbers in 1973, Taylor was already "a TV guy" again and didn't get much to do in The Train Robbers except BE Rod Taylor...which was a good thing.)

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Anyway, I can recommend this book, especially since it's about an actor who's often been overlooked if not neglected. I got it on Amazon. Paperback and a bit pricey but to me worth it. Sorry, the author's name doesn't come to mind but the title is all you need.

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I will find it. Your comments about all the WRONG things Taylor did when he had his 60's career is of interest to me. Sounds like he had it, but blew it. On the other hand, it must have been frustrating to come close to getting a big co-star role in "The War Wagon" but to have to lose it to a more established star like Kirk Douglas. Sometimes, there are just too many guys up for a role. (I've read that Taylor also lost "Planet of the Apes" to bigger star Charlton Heston.)

Rod Taylor's two "classics" now appear to be "The Time Machine" and Hitchcock's "The Birds," but I can also recommend him in "Hotel"(he has a truly GOOD lead in that movie, it all revolves around him) and the ultra-violent "Dark of the Sun"(in which Taylor's extended fight with, beatdown of, and killing of, the bad guy is one of the most brutal but satisifying fights in movies.) Taylor had a pretty good punch-out with William Smith in "Darker than Amber," too, in which Taylor played that private eye Travis McGee, from that book series set in Florida.

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Incidentally, Circus World was supposed to have been directed by none other than Frank Capra. But when Capra arrived in Spain he found the script being heavily rewritten by James Edward Grant, as you know one of Duke's favorite screenwriters, who told Capra that on a Wayne picture all you needed was to allow Duke to play himself and have women with "big tits". Not surprisingly, Capra decided this was not the picture he'd signed up for and left the project, which is how Henry Hathaway got it. It's also probably another reason the film flopped.

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Yep, the Eyeman book gets into all of this; Grant is a "long-running" character in the book and Wayne's career and Capra just came up against Grant when he had a lot of power.

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(Another aborted Capra project, and to me the most amazingly unlikely one, was Marooned in 1969. Ultimately that too came apart, and Capra was replaced by -- John Sturges. Sooner or later, it seems everyone gets his turn in Hollywood!)

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I didn't know that about Marooned, but I know Capra had directed some sort of "science shorts" in the 50s, I think.

Frank Capra's time in the sixties were difficult. Once a top director with many Oscars to his name, Capra floundered in the sixties. His last movie(ever) was early in the decade: "Pocketful of Miracles(1961.) Then he was hired on and fired from, both Circus World and the Presidential drama The Best Man. And evidently Marooned, too. Frankly, in the sixties, a lot of famous directors got old and had trouble getting hired -- John Ford and Howard Hawks come to mind.

The survivor was the director who WAS a star...Alfred Hitchcock. While other directors could not get work, Hitchocck was ensconsed by Lew Wasserman at Universal and coddled. It is said that Hitchcock's final films for Universal weren't among his best, but he DID work, and kept an office there until his health failed in 1979. He died the next year, 1980. But Hitchcock never had to suffer the ignomy of Capra, Ford, Hawks...and later, Billy Wilder...of simply not getting work anymore.

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