Actually, it was Nicholas Meyer who was most inspired by the Hornblower series of books when he directed Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. He wanted to move away from the pretentious feeling of Star Trek: The Motion Picture.
After reading the books and watching the old series he realized that Star Trek was basically Horatio Hornblower in outer space. Starfleet was the navy of the future and they were carrying out gunboat diplomacy.
That was why he redesigned the Starfleet uniforms in that film to have a more military look to them and incorporated naval traditions like Kirk being brought out to the Enterprise in a shuttle -as opposed to beaming aboard. It was akin to the admiral coming alongside in a longboat. Then, as he comes aboard, he's piped aboard by a boatswain's whistle.
Supposedly, Gene Roddenberry was greatly opposed to these changes as it was counter to his idea of a "Peace Corps in space". But, due to the poor reception the first film had, he'd lost his ability to wield any influence over the production.
As it turned out, Meyer was proven correct and Wrath of Khan is considered about the best of the films.
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