Navigating on Loose Black Lava
Hard to believe Naval intelligence never picked up on how bad the beaches of IWO JIMA was. This was a major factor in Marines getting killed 3 to 5 at a time. There is a still photo used today showing Marines on top of one another lying down in the porous sand while the live rounds blazing over their heads. It was mentioned by others that one could light a cigarette off the intensity of the bullets. I wonder why men could of parachuted on Iwo. There would of been less casualties. That Black Lava Sand costed many Marines.
Imre Demech