Is James Bond really a superhero, and are many Bond movies actually fantastic superhero films?

IMO no. He works in a fantastic environment indeed, but his abilities are all ascribed to training and the British government to back him... of course similar could be said about Batman. The larger difference is though that Batman looks and acts like a superhero, but is in reality something in between. So the Batman argument doesn't work here, imo. If anything it just takes something away from Batman himself.

In short, Bond is replaceable and so is nothing more than a well trained spy. Sure, one of the best, and perhaps the best. But there is always one who is.... even in a world of nothing super.